RoyalDish - Royal names - page 178 (2024)

Nicholas is a male given name, the Anglophone version of an ancient Greek name in use since antiquity, and cognate with the modern Greek Νικόλαος, Nikolaos. It originally derived from a combination of two Greek words meaning 'victory' and 'people'. In turn, the name means "victory of the people."

The name has been widely used in countries with significant Christian populations, owing in part to the veneration of Saint Nicholas, which became increasingly prominent in Western Europe from the 11th century. Revered as a saint in many Christian denominations, the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic, and Anglican Churches all celebrate Saint Nicholas Day on December 6. In maritime regions throughout Europe, the name and its derivatives have been especially popular, as St Nicholas is considered the protector saint of seafarers. This remains particularly so in Greece, where St Nicholas is the patron saint of the Hellenic Navy

The name derives from the Ancient Greek: Νῑκόλᾱος, romanized: Nikólaos. It is understood to mean 'victory of the people', being a compound of two Greek words, νίκη, nī́kē 'victory' and λᾱός, lāós 'people'. An ancient paretymology (a false etymology) of the latter element, λᾱός, is that it originates from λᾶς, lâs (a contracted form of λᾶας, lâas), meaning 'stone' or 'rock'. This is in reference to the story of Deucalion and Pyrrha from Greek mythology. As the sole survivors of a catastrophic deluge, they were able to repopulate the world by throwing stones behind them, over their shoulders, while they kept marching on. The stones formed men and women where they landed.

The name became popular through Saint Nicholas, Bishop of Myra in Lycia, the inspiration for Santa Claus, but it predates said bishop by several centuries: the Athenian historian Thucydides for example, mentions that in the second year of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) between Sparta and Athens, the Spartans sent a delegation to the Persian king to ask for his help to fight the Athenians; a certain Nikolaos was one of the delegates

The customary English spelling Nicholas, using a ch, as though the word were spelled in Greek with a chi, first came into use in the 12th century and has been firmly established since the Reformation, although the spelling Nicolas is occasionally used.

Throughout the world there are various variations (spelling etc)

Nicholas I (6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. He was the third son of Paul I and younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I. Nicholas's reign began with the failed Decembrist revolt. He is mainly remembered in history as a reactionary whose controversial reign was marked by geographical expansion, centralisation of administrative policies and repression of dissent. Nicholas had a happy marriage that produced a large family; all of their seven children survived childhood Nicholas was born at Gatchina Palace in Gatchina, the ninth child of Grand Duke Paul, heir to the Russian throne, and Grand Duchess Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg). He had six older sisters and two older brothers, namely the future Emperor Alexander I of Russia and Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia.Five months after Nicholas's birth, his grandmother, Catherine the Great, died and his parents became Emperor and Empress of Russia.On 13 July 1817, Nicholas married Princess Charlotte of Prussia (1798–1860), who took the name Alexandra Feodorovna when she converted to Orthodoxy. Charlotte's parents were Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Nicholas and Charlotte were third cousins, as they were both great-great-grandchildren of Frederick William I of Prussia.With two older brothers, it initially seemed unlikely Nicholas would ever become Tsar. However, as Alexander and Constantine both failed to produce legitimate sons, Nicholas first came to attention as being likely to rule one day, or at least that his children may succeed. In 1825, when Tsar Alexander died suddenly of typhus, Nicholas was caught between swearing allegiance to Constantine and accepting the throne for himself. The interregnum lasted until Constantine, who was in Warsaw at that time, officially forfeited his right to succession. This had been required by Tsar Alexander as a condition of Constantine’s marriage to his second wife Joanna Grudzinska. On 25 (13 Old Style) December, Nicholas issued the manifesto proclaiming his accession to the throne. That manifesto retroactively named 1 December (19 November Old Style), the date of Alexander I's death, as the beginning of his reign. During this confusion, a plot was hatched by some members of the military to overthrow Nicholas and seize power. This led to the Decembrist Revolt on 26 (14 Old Style) December 1825, an uprising Nicholas was successful in quickly suppressing.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Николай Николаевич; 8 August 1831 – 25 April 1891) was the third son and sixth child of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Alexandra Feodorovna. He may also be referred to as Nicholas Nikolaevich the Elder to tell him apart from his son, Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929). Trained for the military, as a Field Marshal he commanded the Russian army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878. Nicholas Nicolaievich unwillingly married his second cousin Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna, formerly Princess Alexandra of Oldenburg (1838–1900), whose paternal grandmother was a daughter of Emperor Paul I. The wedding took place in St Petersburg on 6 February 1856. Alexandra was plain and unsophisticated and the couple soon found out that they had little in common. They had two childrenThe marriage was in trouble from the start and four years later, Nicholas developed a permanent relationship with Catherine Chislova, a dancer from the Krasnoye Selo Theater. Their affair was quite open and they had five children The Grand Duke arranged a change of class into the gentry for his mistress and the couple's illegitimate children took the surname Nikolayev. Tsar Alexander II ignored his brother's affair but advised him to be discreet.

Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (Russian: Николай Николаевич Романов (младший – the younger); 18 November 1856 – 5 January 1929) was a Russian general in World War I (1914–1918). The son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia (1831–1891), and a grandson of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia, he was commander in chief of the Imperial Russian Army units on the main front in the first year of the war, during the reign of his first cousin once removed, Nicholas II. Although held in high regard by Paul von Hindenburg, he struggled with the colossal task of leading Russia's war effort against Germany, including strategy, tactics, logistics and coordination with the government. After the Gorlice–Tarnów offensive in 1915, Tsar Nicholas replaced the Grand Duke as commander-in-chief of the army. He later was a successful commander-in-chief in the Caucasus region. He was briefly recognized as emperor in 1922 in areas controlled by the White movement in the Russian Far East. A very tall man (1.98m / 6' 6"), Nicholas, named after his paternal grandfather, the emperor, was born as the eldest son to Grand Duke Nicholas Nicolaevich of Russia (1831–1891) and Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg (1838–1900) on 18 November 1856.His father was the sixth child and third son born to Nicholas I of Russia and his Empress consort Alexandra Fedorovna of Prussia (1798–1860). Alexandra Fedorovna was a daughter of Frederick William III of Prussia and Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz On 29 April 1907, Nicholas married Princess Anastasia of Montenegro (1869–1935), the daughter of King Nicholas I, and sister of Princess Milica, who had married Nicholas's brother, Grand Duke Peter. They had no children. She had previously been married to George Maximilianovich, 6th Duke of Leuchtenberg, by whom she had two children, until their divorce in 1906. Since the Montenegrins were a fiercely Slavic, anti-Ottoman people from the Balkans, Anastasia reinforced the Pan-Slavic tendencies of Nicholas. Grand Duke Nicholas died on 5 January 1929 of natural causes on the French Riviera, where he had gone to escape the rigors of winter. He was originally buried in the church of St. Michael the Archangel Church in Cannes, France. In 2014 Nicholas Romanov, Prince of Russia (1922–2014) and Prince Dimitri Romanov (1926–2016) requested the transfer of his remains. The bodies of Nicholas Nikolaevich and his wife were re-buried in Moscow at the World War I memorial military cemetery in May 2015

Nicholas Romanovich Romanov (Russian: Николай Романович Романов; 26 September 1922 – 15 September 2014) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov and president of the Romanov Family Association. Although undoubtedly a descendant of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, his claimed titles and official membership in the former Imperial House were disputed by those who maintained that his parents' marriage violated the laws of the Russian Empire Prince Nicholas was born in Cap d'Antibes near Antibes, France, the eldest son of Prince Roman Petrovich and his wife Princess Praskovia Dmitrievna (née Countess Sheremeteva). Prince Nicholas had a younger brother, Prince Dimitri Romanovich.Their father Prince Roman Petrovich was the only son of Grand Duke Peter Nicolaievich and Grand Duchess Militsa Nikolaievna (née Princess of Montenegro). His grandfather was the younger son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich and Grand Duchess Alexandra Petrovna (née Duchess of Oldenburg). His great grandfather Nicholas Nikolaevich was a younger son of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (née Princess Charlotte of Prussia) and founded the Nikolaevichi branch of the Russian Imperial Family. In 1950, Prince Nicholas and the Countess Sveva della Gherardesca (b. 15 July 1930), daughter of Count Walfred della Gherardesca and Nicoletta de Piccolellis, met at a party in Rome. Sveva is a member of the Italian della Gherardesca noble family from Tuscany and a direct descendant of Count Ugolino della Gherardesca. They were married in Florence in a civil ceremony on 31 December 1951 followed by a religious ceremony on 21 January 1952 in the Russian Cathedral at Cannes They had 3 daughters

Nicholas Nikolaevich Nikolaev (1875–1902), son of Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich of Russia and his mistress Catherine Chislova

Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia (Russian: Великий князь Никола́й Миха́йлович; 26 April [O.S. 14 April] 1859 – 28 January 1919) was the eldest son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and a first cousin of Alexander III.On 29 January 1919, Nicholas was moved to Peter and Paul Fortress in Petrograd, and in the early hours of the following day he was shot there by a firing squad, along with his brother, Grand Duke George Mikhailovich, and his cousins Grand Dukes Paul Alexandrovich and Dmitri Constantinovich.According to historians Edvard Radzinsky, their executions had been ordered by Vladimir Lenin as retaliation for the recent summary executions of Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg in Berlin, by Freikorps forces loyal to the Weimar Republic

Grand Duke Nicholas Constantinovich of Russia (14 February 1850 – 26 January 1918) was the first-born son of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich and Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia and a grandson of Nicholas I of Russia. Born in St Petersburg in the middle of the nineteenth century into the House of Romanov, he had a very privileged childhood. Most royal children were brought up by nannies and servants so by the time Nikolai had grown up he lived a very independent life having become a gifted military officer and an incorrigible womanizer. He had an affair with a notorious American woman Fanny Lear. In a scandal related to this affair, he stole three valuable diamonds from the revetment of one of the most valuable family icons. He was declared insane and he was banished to Tashkent He lived for many years under constant supervision in the area around Tashkent in the southeastern Russian Empire (now Uzbekistan) and made a great contribution to the city by using his personal fortune to help improve the local area. In 1890 he ordered the building of his own palace in Tashkent to house and show his large and very valuable collection of works of art and the collection is now the center of the state Museum of Arts of Uzbekistan. He was also famous in Tashkent as a competent engineer and irrigator, constructing two large canals, the Bukhar-aryk (which was poorly aligned and soon silted up) and the much more successful Khiva-Aryk, later extended to form the Emperor Nicholas I Canal, irrigating 12,000 desyatinas, 33,000 acres (134 km2) of land in the Hungry Steppe between Djizak and Tashkent. Most of this was then settled with Slavic peasant colonisers. Nikolai had a number of children by different women. One of his grandchildren, Natalia Androsova, died in Moscow in 1999. Nikolai died of pneumonia on 26 January 1918

Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Νικόλαος; 22 January 1872 – 8 February 1938), of the Glücksburg branch of the House of Oldenburg, was the fourth child and third son of King George I of Greece, and of Queen Olga (nee Grandduchess Olga of Russia). He was known as "Greek Nicky" within the family to distinguish him from his cousin Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (first cousin on the paternal side and second cousin on the maternal side). Prince Nicholas was a talented painter, often signing his works as "Nicolas Leprince."He married Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (1882–1957), daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the only sister of the future Russian imperial pretender, Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich, and his second cousin through his mother Olga Constantinovna of Russia and her father Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia, on 29 August 1902 in Tsarskoye Selo, Russia. They had 3 daughters

Prince Nikola of Yugoslavia (29 June 1928 – 12 April 1954), also known in Britain as Prince Nicholas and in Serbia as Nikola Karađorđević (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Карађорђевић), was the younger son of Prince Paul of Yugoslavia by his wife Princess Olga of Greece and Denmark. Known as "Nicky", he was educated in England at Oxford University and was a frequent social escort to Princess Margaret, sister of Queen Elizabeth II. The press often linked them romantically and speculated on a possible marriage between them Prince Nikola died unmarried in 1954, survived by his parents, Prince Paul and Princess Olga of Yugoslavia; older brother Prince Alexander and younger sister, Princess Elizabeth; also his maternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark) and his maternal aunts, Princess Elizabeth, Countess of Toerring-Jettenbach, and Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent. Nikola died in a road accident at Datchet, now in Berkshire, England, some five miles from the home of his aunt, the Duchess of Kent.He was driving himself alone towards London, on his way to a meeting with Princess Margaret the same evening, to attend a full-dress rehearsal of a play being performed by a group of young socialites. His car was found overturned in a ditch by the side of the road, and he was injured but alive. He was taken to a hospital in Slough, but his life could not be saved.

Nicholas Alexandrovich (Russian: Николай Александрович; 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843 – 24 April [O.S. 12 April] 1865) was tsesarevich—the heir apparent—of Imperial Russia from 2 March 1855 until his death in 1865.Grand Duke Nicholas was born on 20 September [O.S. 8 September] 1843, in the Alexander Palace in Tsarskoye Selo south of central Saint Petersburg, during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Nicholas I. Nicknamed "Nixa", he was the eldest son of the Tsesarevich Alexander Nikolaevich, eldest son of Emperor Nicholas I, and the Tsesarevna Maria Alexandrovna of Russia. In 1855, his paternal grandfather died, and his father succeeded to the throne as Emperor Alexander II. Nicholas had a close relationship with his younger brother, Grand Duke Alexander. He called Alexander "Pug." On his deathbed, he told his father, “Papa, take care of Sasha, he is such an honest, good man." In the summer of 1864, Nicholas became engaged to Princess Dagmar of Denmark. She was the second daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel and was a younger sister of the Princess of Wales, later Queen Alexandra and wife of the heir-apparent to the British throne, Albert Edward, who reigned as Edward VII. Until 1865, Nicholas was thought to have a strong constitution. During a tour in southern Europe, he contracted an ailment that was initially incorrectly diagnosed as rheumatism. Nicholas's symptoms at that time included back pain and a stiff neck, as well as sensitivity to noise and light. He thought little of his ailments, however, and continued his tour in Italy.His health rapidly worsened, and he was sent to Southern France. This move, of course, brought him no improvement. It was eventually determined that he was suffering from cerebro-spinal meningitis, and it was speculated that this illness of his was caused by a previous accident in a wrestling match, in which Nicholas participated and was thrown down In the spring of 1865, Nicholas continued to decline, and he died on 24 April 1865, at the Villa Bermond in Nice, France. On his deathbed, Nicholas expressed the wish that his fiancée become the bride of his younger brother and future tsarevich, Alexander. Nicholas's death at the early age of 21 thoroughly devastated his mother, who was said to have pored obsessively over all aspects of Nicholas's life. Empress Maria never recovered from his death.

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov; 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. During his reign, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin. He advocated modernisation based on foreign loans and close ties with France, but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles. Ultimately, progress was undermined by Nicholas's commitment to autocratic rule, strong aristocratic opposition and defeats sustained by the Russian military in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. By March 1917, public support for Nicholas had collapsed and he was forced to abdicate, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty's 304-year rule of Russia (1613–1917).Nicholas signed the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1907, which was designed to counter Germany's attempts to gain influence in the Middle East; it ended the Great Game of confrontation between Russia and the British Empire. He aimed to strengthen the Franco-Russian Alliance and proposed the unsuccessful Hague Convention of 1899 to promote disarmament and peacefully solve international disputes. Domestically, he was criticised for his government's repression of political opponents and his perceived fault or inaction during the Khodynka Tragedy, anti-Jewish pogroms, Bloody Sunday and the violent suppression of the 1905 Russian Revolution. His popularity was further damaged by the Russo-Japanese War, which saw the Russian Baltic Fleet annihilated at the Battle of Tsushima, together with the loss of Russian influence over Manchuria and Korea and the Japanese annexation of the south of Sakhalin Island.During the July Crisis, Nicholas supported Serbia and approved the mobilisation of the Russian Army on 30 July 1914. In response, Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August and its ally France on 3 August, starting World War I. The severe military losses led to a collapse of morale at the front and at home; a general strike and a mutiny of the garrison in Petrograd sparked the February Revolution and the disintegration of the monarchy's authority. After abdicating himself and on behalf of his son, Nicholas and his family were imprisoned by the Russian Provisional Government and exiled to Siberia. After the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution, the family was held in Yekaterinburg, where they were executed on 17 July 1918.In 1981, Nicholas, his wife, and their children were recognised as martyrs by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, based in New York City. Their gravesite was discovered in 1979, but this was not acknowledged until 1989. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the remains of the imperial family were exhumed, identified by DNA analysis, and re-interred with an elaborate state and church ceremony in St. Petersburg on 17 July 1998, exactly 80 years after their deaths. They were canonised in 2000 by the Russian Orthodox Church as passion bearers. In the years following his death, Nicholas was reviled by Soviet historians and state propaganda as a "callous tyrant" who "persecuted his own people while sending countless soldiers to their deaths in pointless conflicts". Despite being viewed more positively in recent years, the majority view among historians is that Nicholas was a well-intentioned yet poor ruler who proved incapable of handling the challenges facing his nation.

Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола I Петровић-Његош; 7 October [O.S. 25 September] 1841 – 1 March 1921) was the last monarch of Montenegro from 1860 to 1918, reigning as prince from 1860 to 1910 and as the country's first and only king from 1910 to 1918.Nikola was born in the village of Njeguši, the home of the reigning House of Petrović. He was the son of Mirko Petrović-Njegoš, a celebrated Montenegrin warrior (an elder brother to Danilo I of Montenegro) and his wife, Anastasija Martinovich (1824–1895). After 1696, when the dignity of vladika, or prince-bishop, became hereditary in the Petrović family, the sovereign power had descended from uncle to nephew, the vladikas belonging to the order of the black clergy (i.e., monastic clergy) who are forbidden to marry. A change was introduced by Danilo I, who declined the episcopal office, married and declared the principality hereditary in the direct male line. Mirko Petrović-Njegoš having renounced his claim to the throne, his son was nominated heir-presumptive, and the old system of succession was thus incidentally continued.While still in Paris, Nikola succeeded his assassinated uncle Danilo I as prince (13 August 1860). At age 19, in Cetinje, on 8 November 1860, he married Milena, 13 years old, daughter of a Vojvoda named Petar Vukotić and wife Jelena Vojvodić. They had 12 children. Five of his daughters were married, each to princes and kings, giving Nikola the nickname "the father-in-law of Europe", a sobriquet he shared with the contemporary King of Denmark.

Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Петровић-Његош; born 7 July 1944) is a French-born architect and the Head of the House of Petrović-Njegoš, which reigned over Montenegro from 1696 to 1766 and again from 1782 to 1918.He lives in Montenegro and occupies part of the former royal palace and the historic family home in Njeguši. In 2011 the country recognised an official role for the Royal House of Petrović-Njegoš: to promote Montenegrin identity, culture, and traditions through cultural, humanitarian and other non-political activities The house of Petrović came originally from Herzegovina and settled in Njeguši around 1400. Niegosch was born around 1425 and became the Voivode of Njegoš. Nicholas was born in Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem at the house of a maternal great aunt in France as the only son and heir of Michael, Prince of Montenegro and his wife Geneviève, Princess of Montenegro, née Prigent (1919–1990), a member of the French resistancePrince Michael was internationally recognised as Montenegro's king-in-exile under a regency headed by his grandmother Queen Milena from 7 March 1921 until 13 July 1922 when international recognition was given for the 1918 annexation of Montenegro by the new Serbian headed kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Prince Nicholas' parents were married on 27 January 1941 in Paris. Nicholas was initially baptised Catholic by his mother, before his father had him re-baptised Orthodox. Nicholas has stated he feels close to both religions.His parents divorced in Paris, France, on 11 August 1949, exactly 5 weeks after his 5th birthday. Geneviève received custody of the young Nicholas and raised him largely as a single mother. Growing up in France, Nicholas barely saw his father and knew very little about Montenegro or his family's history being raised and educated as a Frenchman. Nicholas succeeded as head of the House of Petrović-Njegoš on the death of his father in 1986 and grew closer to his Montenegrin heritage. In 1989 he received an official invitation to come to Montenegro for the reburial and state funeral of his great grandparents King Nicholas I of Montenegro and Queen Milena and their two daughters, Princess Vera and Princess Xenia Nicholas accompanied the remains on an Italian battleship and his family received an enthusiastic welcome from Montenegrins During the breakup of Yugoslavia, Nicholas made several statements calling on Montenegrins not to get caught up in the violence. Nicholas was an active participant in the campaign for the restoration of Montenegro's independence, preceding the referendum on the separation of the former kingdom from the provisional State Union of Serbia and Montenegro On 27 November 1976 in Trébeurden, Côtes-du-Nord, he married Francine Navarro (27 January 1950 - 6 August 2008), fashion designer, daughter of Antoine Navarro , who fought in the French Foreign Legion, and wife Rachel Wazana , of Moroccan Jewish descent. They had 2 children

Nikolai Martynov (born 30 September 2009), son of Princess Altinaï of Montenegro (27 October 1977) and Anton Martynov

Prince Nicholas of Romania (Romanian: Principele Nicolae al României; 5 August 1903 – 9 June 1978), later known as Prince Nicholas of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was the fourth child and second son of King Ferdinand I of Romania and his wife Queen Marie.In 1927 after the death of his father, Nicholas was appointed as one of the three regents for his minor nephew King Michael I. His position as regent ended in 1930 with the return of his older brother Prince Carol to Romania to take over as King of Romania.In later 1930 he was stripped of his titles and privileges and exiled from the Royal Court, due to King Carol II's disapproval of his marriage. On 10 July 1942, after the removal of King Carol II from the throne, during King Michael's second reign, Nicholas was given by the king the title of Nicholas of Hohenzollern — of the house to which he belonged He died in exile on 9 July 1978 in Madrid, Spain.

Nicholas Michael de Roumanie Medforth-Mills, formerly called Prince Nicholas of Romania (born 1 April 1985), is the eldest child and only son of Princess Elena of Romania and Robin Medforth-Mills. As a grandson of King Michael of Romania, he was third in line to the defunct throne of Romania according to a new family statute enacted in 2007, that also conferred the title of a "prince of Romania" on him which was removed in 2015. The statute and the titles it confers have no standing in the law of the republic. Nicholas married civilly in Henley-on-Thames on 6 October 2017 to Alina-Maria Binder (born in Constanța on 26 January 1988). On 30 September 2018 the couple married religiously at Saint Elijah Church in Sinaia, and the wedding reception took place at Sinaia Casino. They have a daughter (Maria Alexandra) born on 7 November 2020, and a son (Mihai) born on 15 April 2022. Also, he has a daughter, Iris Anna, born on 9 February 2016, from a previous relationship with Nicoleta Cîrjan.

Monsieur d'Orléans (16 April 1607 – 17 November 1611) was the second son and fourth child of Henry IV of France and his consort, Marie de' Medici. Commonly ascribed the names Nicolas or Nicolas Henri and the title Duke of Orléans, he was neither baptised nor invested as such during the course of his short life.He was betrothed to Marie de Bourbon-Montpensier, heiress to vast lands of the extended House of Bourbon. After his father's death in 1610, he was heir presumptive to his older brother, Louis XIII. Of frail health, he died of seizures brought on by hydrocephalus at the age of four, whereupon his title and betrothal were transferred to Gaston, his younger brother.

Prince Nicolas Paul Gustaf, Duke of Ångermanland (15 June 2015), second child and only son of Princess Madeleine of Sweden and Chris O'Neill

Nicholas of Anjou (July 1448 – 27 July 1473) was the son of John II, Duke of Lorraine and Marie de Bourbon. He was engaged to Anne of France, Viscountess of Thouars, and used her title, but he did not marry her and had only one illegitimate daughter, Marguerite, wife of John IV of Chabannes, Count of Dammartin (d. 1503).

Nicholas I (Czech: MikulᚠI. Opavský) (c. 1255 – 25 July 1318) was the natural son of Bohemian king Ottokar II Přemysl and his mistress Agnes of Kuenring. In 1269 he became Duke of Opava (at modern day Opava, Czech Republic) and thereby the progenitor of the Silesian cadet branch of the Přemyslid dynasty that lasted until 1521.He was legitimated by his father with the consent of Pope Alexander IV and raised at the Prague court. As his half-brother Wenceslaus II was designated to succeed his father on the Bohemian throne, Nicholas in compensation received Troppau, then a part of the Moravian march. He supported his father in the 1278 Battle on the Marchfeld, was captured by Hungarian forces, but regained his duchy from the victorious German king Rudolf of Habsburg. His rule was however challenged by Ottokar's widow Kunigunda of Halych, who had retired to Hradec nad Moravicí. In 1283 Nicholas married King Rudolf's niece Adelheid. They had three sons

Nicholas II of Opava (also: Nicholas II of Troppau, Nicholas II of Ratibór; Czech: MikulᚠII. Opavský; 1288 – 8 December 1365) was Duke of Opava (German: Troppau) from 1318 to 1365 and Duke of Ratibór from 1337 to 1365 and Burgrave of Kladsko (German: Glatz) from 1350 to 1365 and also chamberlain of the Kingdom of Bohemia. Nicholas II of Opava was a member of the Opava branch of the Bohemian noble Přemyslovci family. His parents were Duke Nicholas I of Opava, who had held Opava since 1269, and Adelheid of Habsburg, a niece of King Rudolf I. Nicholas was married three times. Around 1318 he married Anna of Racibórz (died around 1340), a daughter of Duke Przemysław of Racibórz. Several children resulted from this marriage After Anna's death, Nicholas married in May 1342 to Hedwig (died 1359), a daughter of Duke Konrad I of Oleśnica (died 1366). From this marriage, he had a sonIn 1360, Nicholas married his third wife, Jutta (died after 1378), a daughter of the Duke Boleslaw II of Opole-Falkenberg. This marriage produced three more children

Nicholas III of Opava (German: Nikolaus III. von Troppau; Czech: MikulᚠIII. Opavský; c. 1339 – 9 July 1394) was Duke of Opava from 1367 to 1377 and Duke of Głubczyce from 1377 until his death. Nicholas II of Opava was a member of the Opava branch of the Přemyslid dynasty. His parents were Duke Nicholas II of Opava and his second wife, Hedwig (died 1359), a daughter of Duke Konrad I of Oleśnica. After their father's death in 1365, Nicholas III and his three brothers initially ruled their inheritance jointly. In 1367, however, the inheritance was divided: the oldest brother, John I, received the Duchy of Racibórz, while the three younger brothers, Nicholas III, Wenceslaus I and Przemko I continued to jointly rule the Duchy of Opava. In 1377, Opava was split, with Nicholas III and Wenceslaus I jointly ruling the newly split off Duchy of Głubczyce and Přemek I ruling what remained of the Duchy of Opava.As Nicholas III was continually in financial difficulties, he had to mortgage the districts of Głubczyce, Zlate Hory, Hlučín and Krzanowice to his uncle Conrad II of Oels.Nicholas III died unmarried and childless in 1394. His youngest brother Přemysl I continued to rule the Duchy of Głubczyce. He succeeded in redeeming the district of Głubczyce.

Duke Nicholas IV of Opava (Czech: MikulᚠIV. Opavský; German: Nikolaus IV. von Troppau; c. 1400 – 1437) was Duke of Opava and Lord of Zlaté Hory from 1433 until his death. His parents were Duke Przemko I of Opava (d. 1433) and his first wife Anna of Lutz (d. 1405). His father died in 1433 and left five sons. Nicholas IV, the second son, styled himself as Lord of Zlaté Hory. His elder brother Wenceslaus II acted as guardian for his younger half-brothers William, Ernest and Przemko II. Although their father had stipulated in his will that his Duchy should remain undivided, in 1435 the brothers divided the inheritance anyway. The Duchy of Głubczyce was split off from Opava for Wenceslaus II. Nicholas kept Zlaté Hory; William and Ernest shared the rest of Opava. The youngest brother, Przemko II, took up a career in the clergy and probably did not receive any land.Nicholas IV died in 1437 unmarried and without issue. His eldest brother, Wenceslaus II, probably inherited Zlaté Hory.

Nicholas IV of Bruntál (also known as Nicholas IV of Ratibor and Bruntál, also Nicholas I of Opava-Ratibor;Czech: MikulᚠIV. z Bruntálu; German: Nikolaus IV. von Freudenthal; c. 1370 – c. 1406) was a member of the Opava branch of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was co-ruler of Ratibor and Bruntál with his brother John II "the Iron". His parents were Duke John I of Opava-Ratibor and his wife Anna, a daughter of Duke Henry V of Glogau-Sagan (d. 1369). His father had inherited the Duchy of Ratibor in 1365 as the sole heir and became the founder of the Opava-Ratibor line of the Opavian branch of the Přemyslid dynasty.Nicholas IV was still a minor when his father died in 1380/1382. His older brother John II inherited the duchies of Ratibor, Krnov and Bruntál. Around 1385, a part of Bruntál was split off for Nicholas IV.Nicholas died around 1406, unmarried and without issue. His share of Bruntál fell to his brother John II, who then held the whole Duchy of Bruntál.

Nicholas V, Duke of Krnov (also known as Nicholas II of Opava-Ratibor;Czech: MikulᚠV. Krnovský; 1409–1452) was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty. He was Duke of Racibórz, Krnov, Bruntál and Rybnik. All these duchies were situated in Silesia, then part of the Crown of Bohemia. Nicholas was older son of John "the Iron" and Helena of Lithuania (niece of King Wladyslaw II Jagiello of Poland). He was born in 1409 In 1435, Nicholas V married Margaret Clemm of Ellguth. They had three children In 1451 in Kraków, Nicholas V married his second wife. She was Barbara Rockemberg (d. 1464) from a patrician family in Kraków. They had two children

Nicholas (died in infancy). Son of Nicholas V and his 2nd wife Barbara Rockemberg

Duke Nicholas of Württemberg (German: Herzog Nikolaus von Württemberg; 1 March 1833 – 22 February 1903) was an officer in the army of the Austrian Empire. Duke Nicholas was born at Carlsruhe, Kingdom of Prussia (now Pokój, Poland) was the third child of Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857, son of Duke Eugen of Württemberg and Princess Louise of Stolberg-Gedern) by his second marriage to Princess Helene of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1807–1880, daughter of Charles Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and Countess Amalie of Solms-Baruth). Nicholas had three half-siblings by his father's previous marriage with Princess Mathilde of Waldeck and Pyrmont. On 8 May 1868, in Carlsruhe, he married Duchess Wilhelmine of Württemberg (1844–1892), daughter of Duke Eugen of Württemberg and Princess Mathilde of Schaumburg-Lippe. Wilhelmine was the elder daughter of Nicholas' half-brother. They had no issue.

Nicholas Francis (French: Nicolas François; 6 December 1609 – 25 January 1670), also known as Nicholas II, was briefly Duke of Lorraine and Duke of Bar for a few months in 1634, spanning the time between the abdication of his older brother and his own resignation. He was therefore duke during the invasion of Lorraine by the French in the Thirty Years War. Nicholas Francis was the youngest son of Duke Francis II of Lorraine and his wife, Christina of Salm. Born on the feast of Saint Nicholas, he was named in his honour. He married his first cousin Claude Françoise of Lorraine who died in childbirth They had 5 children.

Nicholas Maximilianovitch, 4th Duke of Leuchtenberg (4 August 1843 - 6 January 1891) was a Russian Prince and soldier who was the 4th Duke of Leuchtenberg from 1852 until his death in 1891. Head of the House of Beauharnais, he was a grandson of Nicholas I of Russia and was a candidate for the throne of Greece and of Romania. Like his father, he was also a renowned mineralogist. Son of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia, Nicholas grew up in Russia. He followed a military career but also studied mineralogy, geology and palaeontology. His was a candidate for the throne of Greece in 1862 and for Romania in 1866 but his links with Russia meant he did not accede to either. Appointed President of the Imperial Society of Mineralogy and Honorary President of the Russian Society of Technology in 1865 by Tsar Alexander II, he carried out several scientific missions in Russia. His relationship with Nadezhda Annenkova led him to flee the country in 1868. Deprived of his fortune and abandoned by his family, he was later partially forgiven by his uncle. He spent the rest of his life in exile and died at the age of 47 of throat cancer. In 1863, when Nicholas was just 20 years old when he met in Moscow Nadezhda Annenkova (1840-1911), daughter of the minor Russian nobleman Sergei Petrovich Annenkov (b. 1815) and his wife, Ekaterina Dmtrievna Shidlovskaya (b. 1818). Her paternal grandmother was Princess Anna Dmitrievna Prozorovskaya (b. 1784), granddaughter of Russian Field Marshall Prince Alexander Prozorovsky. She had separated from her husband, Vladimir Nikolayevich Akinfov (1841-1914), and had two daughters. She was known to have caught the interest of several men, including Alexander Gorchakov, one of his sons and two Grand Dukes. Nicholas later established a relationship with her After some time, the couple sought to formalise their relationship. Nadezhda therefore tried to obtain a divorce from her husband and repeatedly left St. Petersburg to convince her husband to officially accept their separation in exchange for money. Russian law recognized divorce, but prohibited spouses from remarrying or from being received at court except under specific circumstances. Tsar Alexander II opposed her divorce, as he did not want to see her unite with Nicolas The situation of the couple finally changed in 1868 when Nadezhda became pregnant and Nicholas convinced his uncle to let her leave Russia so that the unborn child does not bear the name of the husband of Nadezhda. Therefore, she left for Britain and Nicholas was punished by the Tsar for his part. The Tsar told Nicholas that if he leaves to find refuge in Europe, he will lose his Russian nationality, his fortune and his rank. Despite this, Nicholas leaves for Germany through Lithuania. The couple met in Paris and marry in the Orthodox Chapel of the Stein Castle in Bavaria In Russia, the actions of Nicholas caused a huge scandal and the Tsar was furious as he needed to cover the dishonor caused by Nicholas' desertion from the army. Nicholas' mother, Grand Duchess Maria, despite her morganatic marriage, was particularly shocked by his actions and refused to intervene in favor of Nicholas with the Tsar. Nicholas' siblings considered his actions deplorable and break their relations with him The couple had two children together The eldest son of Nicholas and Nadezhda was born in Geneva, Switzerland on 17 October 1868. Since his parents' marriage was still secret, he was not recognised by Nicholas and was presented as his pupil. Their second son, also presented as a pupil, was born in Rome, Italy on 10 December 1872. The two children were legitimatised following their parents' official marriage in 1878

Nicholas Nikolaevich (1868-1928), Duke of Leuchtenberg, son of Nicholas Maximilianovitch, 4th Duke of Leuchtenberg and Nadezhda Annenkova He married Countess Maria Nikolaevna Grabbe (1869-1948) and had seven children

Lord Nicholas Charles Edward Jonathan Windsor (born 25 July 1970) is a relative of the British royal family, youngest child of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. As a Catholic convert, he has forfeited his right of succession to the throne. Lord Nicholas has voiced strong anti-abortion views. Lord Nicholas Windsor was born on 25 July 1970 at King's College Hospital in Denmark Hill, London, to Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Katharine, Duchess of Kent Windsor's mother, Katharine, Duchess of Kent, had been received into the Catholic Church in 1994,and in 2001, in a private ceremony, Nicholas himself was also received into the Catholic Church. This meant that he forfeited his right of succession to the British throne under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701. Windsor met his future wife, Paola Doimi de Lupis Frankopan Šubić Zrinski, at a party in New York City in 1999 to mark the Millennium. He became engaged to her in July 2006. Following a civil ceremony on 19 October 2006 in a London register office, the couple had a religious marriage on 4 November 2006 in the Church of St Stephen of the Abyssinians in the Vatican and by the marriage the bride became Lady Nicholas Windsor. As required by the Royal Marriages Act 1772, the Queen of the United Kingdom consented to the marriage.A House of Commons Early Day Motion welcomed "the first overt marriage within the rites of the Catholic Church of a member of the Royal Family since the reign of Queen Mary I, and the first marriage of a member of the Royal Family to take place within the Vatican City State".Lord and Lady Nicholas Windsor had their first child, a son, Albert Louis Philip Edward Windsor, on 22 September 2007 at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London. Albert is the eighth grandchild for the Duke and Duchess of Kent. The child is the first Windsor to carry the name Albert since King George VI. An Early Day Motion in the House of Commons welcomed the baptism of Albert as the first royal child to be baptised a Catholic since 1688. Albert was baptised on 20 February 2008 in a Catholic ceremony held in the Queen's Chapel adjoining St James's Palace in London.Lady Nicholas gave birth to the couple's second child, Leopold Ernest Augustus Guelph Windsor,[citation needed] on 8 September 2009 at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital. Leopold was baptised by Cardinal Angelo Comastri in St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican on 29 May 2010. A third son, Louis Arthur Nicholas Felix Windsor, was born on 27 May 2014 at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, and like his brother Albert was baptized with Catholic rites in the Queen's Chapel at St James's Palace in London

Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (historical spelling: Nicolai Ignatieff; Russian: Граф Никола́й Па́влович Игна́тьев; 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1832 – 3 July [O.S. 20 June] 1908), a Russian statesman and diplomat, became best known for his aggressive expansionism in support of Russian imperialism. In dealing with China, he secured a large slice of Chinese territory by the multi-lateral Treaty of Peking in 1860. Nikolay Ignatyev was born in St Petersburg, to Maria Ivanovna Maltsova and Captain Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev. Count Nikolay Ignatiev was married to Yekaterina Leonidovna Galitzina (1842-1917), daughter of Prince Leonid Mikhailovich Galitzine and Anna Matveyevna Tolstaïa. Their eight children included Ignatiev's son, Count Pavel Ignatiev, who served as the last Minister of Education under Tsar Nicholas II and later moved to Canada. His grandson, George Ignatieff, was born in Russia and became a Canadian diplomat, and his great-grandson, Michael Ignatieff, is an academic and was the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada from 2008 to 2011.

Nicholas, Count of Salm (1459 – 4 May 1530) was a German soldier and an Imperial senior military commander (German: Feldherr). His greatest achievement was the defense of Vienna during the first siege by the Ottoman Empire in 1529. In 1502, he married Elisabeth von Rogendorff; they had several children

Nicholas II, count of Salm-Neuburg, son of Nicholas, Count of Salm and Elisabeth von Rogendorff

Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn (Russian: Николай Дмитриевич Голицын; 12 April 1850 – 2 July 1925) was a Russian aristocrat, monarchist and the last prime minister of Imperial Russia. He was in office from 29 December 1916 (O.S.) or 9 January 1917 (N.S.) until his government resigned after the outbreak of the February Revolution. Golitsyn was born in Porechye, a village in the Moscow Governorate near Mozhaisk, into the noble Golitsyn family. His father was Dmitry Borisovich Golitsyn (1803–1864) who came from Bolshiye Vyazyomy, the family estate. Prince Nikolai Golitsyn married in Saint Petersburg on 7 April 1881 Evgenia Andrejevna von Grünberg (18 April 1864 -18 July 1934). The couple had six children

Prince Nikolai Nikolayevich (1883 - executed at Solovki, 1931), son of Prince Nikolai Dmitriyevich Golitsyn and Evgenia Andrejevna von Grünberg

Nicholas I, Count of Tecklenburg (died 1367), also known as Nicholas III of Schwerin, was a German noble in the Holy Roman Empire. Nicholas was the son of Gunzelin VI, Count of Schwerin and Richardis, the daughter of Count Otto IV of Tecklenburg. In 1328, he succeeded his uncle, Count Otto V of Tecklenburg, as count of Tecklenburg-Ibbendüren and count of Lingen and Cloppenburg. He was initially considered an outsider, however, he managed to prove himself capable of the job. Nicholas married Helena, the daughter of Count Otto of Oldenburg-Wildeshausen-Altbruchhausen. They had two children

Nicholas II of Tecklenburg († 1426) was the ruling Count of Tecklenburg from 1388 until his death. Nicholas II was the only son of Count Otto VI and his wife, Adelaide of Lippe, a daughter of Bernard V, Lord of Lippe. Nicholas II married Anna Elisabeth of Moers (d. 1430), a daughter of Frederick III, Count of Moers. They had 2 children

Nicholas III (d. 1508), son of Otto VII, Count of Tecklenburg and his 2nd wife Aleidis of Plesse

Nicholas, Count of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg (also known as Claus of Holstein; 1321 – 8 May 1397 in Itzehoe) was a titular Count of Schauenburg. Together first with his brother and then with his nephews, Nicholas was the co-ruling Count of Holstein-Rendsburg from 1340 until his death. In 1390 Nicholas and his nephews inherited Holstein-Kiel, which itself included former Holstein-Plön through reversion in 1350. So except of Holstein-Pinneberg Nicholas and his nephews had united all of Holstein. He was also co-ruler of Schleswig from 1375 to 1386. He was thus a leading member of the House of Schauenburg and an influential figure in the area north of the Elbe. He was the second son of Count Gerhard III of Holstein-Rendsburg and his wife, Sophia of Werle.He ruled Schleswig jointly with his elder brother Henry II from 1375 to 1384, thereafter alone. In 1386, he abdicated as Duke of Schleswig in favour of Henry II's son Gerhard VI of Holstein-Rendsburg, who was confirmed as Gerhard II as Duke of Schleswig by King Olaf II of Denmark In 1354, he married Elisabeth, the daughter of Duke William II of Brunswick and Lüneburg, Prince of Lunenburg. She was the widow of Otto of Saxe-Wittenberg, a son of Rudolph I. They had one daughter

Nicholas II (died after 1213; Hungarian: Miklós) was a Hungarian distinguished nobleman, who served as voivode of Transylvania in 1213, during the reign of Andrew II of Hungary.

Nicholas II of Saint Omer was the lord of half of Thebes in Frankish Greece from 1258 to his death in 1294. From his two marriages he became one of the richest and most powerful barons of his time, building a splendid castle at Thebes as well as the Old Navarino castle. He also served as bailli of the Principality of Achaea on behalf of the Angevins of Naples between 1287 and 1289.

Nicholas II Garai (Hungarian: II. Garai Miklós, Croatian: Nikola II Gorjanski; c. 1367 – December 1433) was a powerful Hungarian baron who served as the Palatine of Hungary from 1402 until 1433 and the ban of Macsó, Usora, Só, Slavonia, Croatia and Dalmatia. He also ruled over the Braničevo, Syrmia, Bačka, Banat and Baranya regions through vassals. Together with his close ally Stibor of Stiboricz, he remained one of the richest and most powerful nobles in Hungary for over 30 years. Nicholas II Garai also served as de facto ruler of Hungary next to King Sigismund. In 1416 Sigismund extended their armorial bearings showing the Order of the Dragon and the Order of the Scarf. He presented the patent to his brother-in-law.Nicholas II's first wife was Theodora of Serbia, daughter of Prince Lazar of Serbia. In 1405, he married Anna of Cilli, sister of King Sigismund's second wife, Barbara of Cilli, thereby becoming brother-in-law of the King and Queen of Hungary. His granddaughter Anna was engaged to King Matthias Corvinus.

Nicholas II Zorzi or Giorgi (Italian: Niccolò) was the Margrave of Bodonitsa, a member of the Zorzi family of the Republic of Venice, from 1410 to 1414. He was the last Venetian margrave to actually rule before the Ottoman Turkish conquest.

Nicholas II of Niemodlin (Polish: Mikołaj II Niemodliński; c. 1462 – 27 June 1497), was a Duke of Opole-Brzeg-Strzelce-Niemodlin in 1476 (as co-ruler of his father) and sole Duke of Niemodlin from 1476 until his death. He was the third son of Duke Nicholas I of Opole by his wife Agnes, daughter of Duke Louis II of Brzeg.

Nikolaus I, Prince Esterházy (Hungarian: Esterházy I. Miklós, German: Nikolaus I. Joseph Fürst Esterhazy; slovensky MikulᚠI. Esterházy; 18 December 1714 – 28 September 1790) was a Hungarian prince, a member of the famous Esterházy family. His building of palaces, extravagant clothing, and taste for opera and other grand musical productions led to his being given the title "the Magnificent". He is remembered as the principal employer of the composer Joseph Haydn.Nikolaus Esterházy was the son of Prince Joseph (József Simon Antal, 1688–1721), and the younger brother of Prince Paul Anton (Pál Antal, 1711–1762). He took the title of Prince on his brother's death. His name is given in various languages: German (the language of the Habsburg Court) "Nikolaus Josef", Hungarian (probably his native language) "Miklós József," and (in English contexts) the English form of his name, "Nicholas". Robbins Landon narrates Nikolaus's marriage thus: "On 4 March 1737, he married Freiin Marie Elisabeth, daughter of Reichsgraf (Count of the Holy Roman Empire) Ferdinand von Weissenwolf" They had issue

Nicholas II, Prince Esterházy (Hungarian: Esterházy II. Miklós, German: Nikolaus II Esterházy; 12 December 1765 – 24 November 1833) was a Hungarian prince. He served the Austrian Empire and was a member of the famous Esterházy family. He is especially remembered for his art collection and for his role as the last patron of Joseph Haydn. Nikolaus was born in Vienna on 12 December 1765, the son of Prince Anton Esterházy and his first wife, Maria Theresia, Countess Erdödy de Monyorokerek et Monoszlo (1745–1782). In 1783, the younger Nikolaus, aged 17, married the 15-year-old Princess Maria Josepha Hermengilde of Liechtenstein (1768–1845). According to Mraz (2009b), the marriage was not a happy one (see below, "debauchery"). It produced three children: Paul (1786–1866), who succeeded Nikolaus as prince, Leopoldine (1788–1846), and Nikolaus (1799–1844) Nikolaus II became the reigning prince on the death of his father in 1794. Like many of the aristocrats of the Austrian Empire, he spent much of his time in Vienna, where his family had a palace. He also spent some time, particularly in summer, in his palace (the traditional family seat) in Eisenstadt. Like his father Anton, Nikolaus had little interest during his reign in living in or visiting Esterháza, the famous palace that Nikolaus I had built in rural Hungary.

Nicholas I, Lord of Mecklenburg (died 1200)

Nicholas I of Transylvania (died after 1203), voivode of Transylvania

Nicholas I, Lord of Rostock (died 1314)

Nicholas I Garai (died 1386), chief governor of Bratislava, palatine to the King of Hungary

Nicholas I of Opole (c. 1424–1476)

Nicholas III, Lord of Mecklenburg (after 1230–1289 or 1290)

Nicholas III of Saint Omer (died 1314)

Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen (German: Karl Emich Nikolaus Friedrich Hermann Prinz zu Leiningen; Russian: Карл Эмих Николаус Фридрих Герман цу Лейнинген; born 12 June 1952), also known by his Orthodox Russian name Nikolai Kirillovich Romanov (Николай Кириллович Романов), and recognized with the regnal name Emperor Nicholas III by Monarchist Party supporters of the Imperial Throne, is the eldest son of Emich, 7th Prince of Leiningen and his wife, Duchess Eilika of Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, and is an elder brother of Andreas, 8th Prince of Leiningen. He is a claimant to the defunct throne of the Russian Empire, held until 1917 by the Imperial House of Romanov, as a grandson of Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna (1907–1951), eldest child of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich, who claimed the Russian crown from exile in 1924. He is a great-great-grandson of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and grandnephew of Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich of Russia. In 2013, the Monarchist Party of Russia declared him the primary heir to the Russian throne upon his conversion from Lutheranism to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and in 2014 announced the formation of the Imperial Throne, wherein Karl Emich had agreed to assume imperial dignity as Emperor Nicholas III.As such, however, he came into competition with the widely recognized pretender to the throne, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, who is recognized by the Patriarch of Moscow He married Princess Margarita of Hohenlohe-Öhringen on 8 June 1984. He had one daughter by this marriage, Princess Cécilia of Leiningen (born 10 June 1988). Princess Margarita died in 1989 in a car accident On 24 May 1991, Prince Karl Emich married morganatically Gabriele Renate Thyssen After an inheritance dispute, he desisted claim to the family's legacy in favour of his younger brother Andreas, 8th Prince of Leiningen. The couple had one daughter, Princess Theresa Anna Elisabeth of Leiningen (born 16 April 1992) In 1998, Karl Emich and Gabriele were divorced and she became the second wife of the Aga Khan IV. He married Countess Isabelle von und zu Egloffstein in a civil ceremony on 8 September 2007 in Amorbach, and in a religious ceremony on 7 June 2008 in Pappenheim (her maternal grandmother, Countess Ursula (1927-2018), was the heiress of the Pappenheim estate, and a member of the mediatised House of Pappenheim). On 12 April 2010, they had a son, Prince Emich Albrecht Karl of Leiningen. Because his marriage to Countess Isabelle would not have been deemed equal according to the Pauline Laws, their son, Prince Emich, though considered a dynast of the House of Leiningen, cannot inherit his claim to the headship of the House of Romanov, which shall pass to his brother, Prince Andreas (1955 - ), and the latter's descendants born of equal marriages upon the death of Karl Emich, and on the condition that they should convert to Orthodoxy. Karl Emich and his supporters argue that the marriage of Maria Vladimirovna's parents was in contravention of the Pauline Laws. They maintain that the House of Bragation-Mukhrani did not possess sovereign status and was not recognized as equal by Nicholas II for the purpose of dynastic marriages at the time of the union of Princess Tatiana Constantinovna of Russia and Prince Constantine Bragation-Mukhransky in 1911, thirty seven years prior to that of Princess Leonida and Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich Therefore, as the next of kin to Vladimir (in the exclusion of his daughter), the Russian Monarchist Party recognises Karl Emich as the heir to the Russian throne, since he and his wife converted on 1 June 2013, from Lutheranism to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, enabling his accession The couple received Orthodox names of Nikolai Kirillovich and Yekaterina Fyodorovna.

Prince Nikolaos of Greece and Denmark (Greek: Νικόλαος; born 1 October 1969) is the third child of Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, who were the last King and Queen of Greece, from 1964 to 1973. Nikolaos was born at Casa di Cura Privata Nuova Villa Claudia in Rome, Italy, on October 1, 1969. He is the first royal child to be born in hospital from Constantine II of Greece and Anne-Marie of Denmark. His family had been living in exile since December 1967 His father was deposed in 1973 and the monarchy abolished on December 8, 1974 Nikolaos's engagement to Tatiana Ellinka Blatnik, with whom he had been in a long term relationship, was announced on 28 December 2009, by the office of King Constantine in London Until July 2010, when she resigned to concentrate on her wedding plans, Blatnik had worked in the publicity department as an event planner for fashion designer Diane von Fürstenberg The couple married in the Orthodox Church of St. Nicholas, Spetses, Greece on August 25, 2010

Prince Nikolaus of Liechtenstein (Nikolaus Ferdinand Maria Josef Raphael; born 24 October 1947) is a Liechtensteiner lawyer, diplomat and prince. He is a younger brother of the reigning prince of Liechtenstein, Hans-Adam II. He was also the non-resident Ambassador of Liechtenstein to the Holy See. Nikolaus was born in Zürich as the third son of Franz Joseph II, Prince of Liechtenstein and his wife, Countess Georgina of Wilczek. Nikolaus married on 20 March 1982, at Notre Dame Cathedral in Luxembourg, Princess Margaretha of Luxembourg, youngest daughter of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg. For the time being, this is the last dynastically equal marriage between two sovereign houses currently reigning in Europe They have had four children

Prince Claus of the Netherlands, Jonkheer van Amsberg (born Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg; 6 September 1926 – 6 October 2002) was Prince consort of the Netherlands from 30 April 1980 until his death in 2002 as the husband of Queen Beatrix. Klaus-Georg Wilhelm Otto Friedrich Gerd von Amsberg was born on his family's estate, Castle Dötzingen, Hitzacker, Germany, on 6 September 1926. He was the second child and only son of Claus Felix von Amsberg and his wife, Baroness Gösta von dem Bussche-Haddenhausen. His father, by birth a member of House of Amsberg which belonged to the untitled German nobility from Mecklenburg, operated a large farm in Tanganyika (formerly German East Africa) from 1928 until World War II. His mother belonged to the ancient von dem Bussche noble family which originated from the County of Ravensberg. From 1938, Claus and his six sisters grew up on their maternal grandparents' estate in Lower Saxony Claus was a member of such Nazi youth organisations as Deutsches Jungvolk and the Hitler Youth In 1944, Claus was conscripted into the German Wehrmacht, becoming a soldier in the German 90th Panzergrenadier Division in Italy in March 1945 He was taken prisoner of war by the American forces at Meran before taking part in any fighting. Claus met Princess Beatrix for the first time on New Year's Eve 1962 in Bad Driburg at a dinner hosted by the Count von Oeynhausen-Sierstorpff, who was a distant relative of both of them. Claus and Beatrix were also distantly related (5th cousins twice removed), as both being descendants from von dem Bussche family. They met again at the wedding-eve party of Princess Tatjana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse, in the summer of 1964. With memories of German oppression still very strong 20 years after the war, sections of the Dutch population were unhappy that Beatrix's fiancé was a German and former member of the Hitler Youth. Nonetheless, Queen Juliana gave the engagement her blessing after giving serious thought to canceling it. The engagement was approved by the States-General—a necessary step for Beatrix to remain in the line of succession to the throne—in 1965. He was granted Dutch citizenship later that year and changed the spellings of his names to Dutch. The couple were married on 10 March 1966. Their wedding day saw violent protests, most notably by the anarchist-artist group Provo. They included such memorable slogans as "Claus, 'raus!" (Claus, get out!) and "Mijn fiets terug" (Give me back my bike), a reference to the memory of occupying German soldiers confiscating Dutch bicycles. A smoke bomb was thrown at the wedding carriage by a group of Provos However, over time, Claus became accepted by the public, so much so that during the last part of his life he was considered by some to be the most popular member of the royal family Claus suffered various health problems, such as depression, cancer and Parkinson's disease. He died of complications of pneumonia and Parkinson's at the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam on 6 October 2002 after a long illness, aged 76. Claus and Beatrix had 3 sons

Count Claus-Casimir of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer van Amsberg (Claus-Casimir Bernhard Marius Max; born 21 March 2004), is the second child of Prince Constantijn and Princess Laurentien of the Netherlands and their only son By royal decree of 11 May 2001, nr. 227, it was determined that all children and male-line descendants of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands would be counts and countesses of Orange-Nassau with the honorific jonkheer or jonkvrouwe van Amsberg, and have the surname Van Oranje-Nassau van Amsberg As he is her only grandson, Claus-Casimir is currently the only one of Queen Beatrix's grandchildren who will be able to pass this title on to his children.

Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm of Nassau (20 September 1832 – 17 September 1905), was the only son of William, Duke of Nassau by his second wife Princess Pauline of Württemberg. He married morganatically in London on 1 July 1868 with Natalia Alexandrovna Pushkina (4 June 1836 –23 March 1913). She was the youngest child of Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin and his wife, Natalia Nikolayevna Goncharova, and a descendant of Abram Petrovich Gannibal and Petro Doroshenko, Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks, in turn grandson of Mykhailo Doroshenko. She was divorced from Russian General Mikhail Leontievich von Dubelt, by whom she had a daughter. In 1868, Prince Nikolaus Wilhelm's sister Princess Helena of Nassau's husband George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont granted Natalia the title Countess von Merenberg.They had three children

Prince Nikolaus of Thurn and Taxis (later Nikolaus, Baron of Hochstadt) (German: Nikolaus Prinz von Thurn und Taxis; Nikolaus, Freiherr von Hochstadt) (21 January 1885 – 8 June 1919) was a member of the Princely House of Thurn and Taxis and a Prince of Thurn and Taxis. Nikolaus was a Lieutenant in the German Imperial Navy (German: Kaiserliche Marine) Nikolaus was born in Athens, Kingdom of Greece, the eldest child and son of Prince Franz of Thurn and Taxis and his wife Countess Theresia Grimaud of Orsay. Through his father, Nikolaus was a grandson of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his second wife Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg Nikolaus renounced his princely rights and title of "Prince of Thurn and Taxis" and was subsequently created "Baron of Hochstadt" by Otto of Bavaria on 19 May 1913. His renunciation of his succession rights and title followed his engagement to the Munich actress Carola Reichenberger, the daughter of a foreman of a printing shop Because Reichenberger was "of humbler birth" than Nikolaus, his family objected to the union. It was announced that their wedding was scheduled to take place in early August 1913 and the couple wed on 3 August. Following the wedding, Nikolaus and his wife relocated to Texas in the United States.

Nikolaus (Anton) Graf Szécsen von Temerin (Hungarian: gróf temerini Szécsen Miklós) (26 November 1857 – 18 May 1926), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Hungarian origin serving as ambassador at Paris at the outbreak of World War I. Born in Temerin on 26 November 1857 into the Hungarian nobility as son of Anton Graf Szécsen von Temerin (1819–1896), an Austro-Hungarian government minister. In 1896, he married Johanna Gräfin Mikes von Zabola (1866–1930) in Vienna. He had 3 children

Miklós Antal Károly son of Nikolaus (Anton) Graf Szécsen von Temerin and Johanna Gräfin Mikes von Zabola

Count Nikolai of Monpezat (born Prince Nikolai of Denmark; 28 August 1999) is a member of the Danish royal family. He is the eldest son of Prince Joachim and his first wife, Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg, and eldest grandchild of Queen Margrethe II. He is currently seventh in the line of succession to the Danish throne.At the time of his birth, he was third, after his uncle and father Nikolai was born a prince of Denmark at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen on 28 August 1999. He is the oldest grandchild of Queen Margrethe II and her late husband, Prince Henrik.

Count Nikolai Leopold Archibald von Bismarck-Schönhausen (German: Nikolai Leopold Archibald Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen; born 29 December 1986) is a British photographer. Count Nikolai von Bismarck-Schönhausen was raised in Central London. He is a member of the House of Bismarck, a German noble family headed by his cousin, Carl, Prince of Bismarck. He is the eldest of four children. His father is Count Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, the son of Otto Christian Archibald, Prince of Bismarck and Ann-Mari Tengbom, the daughter of Ivar Tengbom His mother is Debonnaire Jane Patterson, the granddaughter of John Roseberry Monson, 10th Baron Monson and the niece of John Monson, 11th Baron Monson He is a great-great grandson of German Chancellor Otto, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg. His relationship with model and businesswoman Kate Moss was much covered by the tabloids

Count Nikolay Vladimirovich Adlerberg (Николай Владимирович Адлерберг; 19 May 1819 – 25 December 1892), was a Russian aristocrat who served as Councilor of State and Chamberlain in the imperial court, as well as governor of Taganrog, Simferopol and Finland. Nikolay Adlerberg was born into the Estonian branch of Adlerberg family that belonged to Baltic German nobility. Born on 19 May 1819 in Saint Petersburg as the son Vladimir Fyodorovich Adlerberg, a close friend of Nicholas I, and his wife, Maria Vasilievna Nelidova (1797-1870).

Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev (historical spelling: Nicolai Ignatieff; Russian: Граф Никола́й Па́влович Игна́тьев; 29 January [O.S. 17 January] 1832 – 3 July [O.S. 20 June] 1908), a Russian statesman and diplomat, became best known for his aggressive expansionism in support of Russian imperialism. In dealing with China, he secured a large slice of Chinese territory by the multi-lateral Treaty of Peking in 1860. As the Russian ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1864 to 1877, he worked to stir up pan-Slavic feeling and nationalism against the Ottomans, and had some responsibility for the Bulgarian rebellion of April 1876.[citation needed] He encouraged his government to declare war on Turkey in 1877, and after the decisive Russian victory he negotiated the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878. It heralded greatly strengthened Russian influence in the Balkans. However Britain and Austria-Hungary intervened and forced the retraction of the treaty. As Minister of the Interior (in office: 1881-1882), Count Ignatyev promoted ultraconservative and Slavic-nationalist policies Nikolay Ignatyev was born in St Petersburg, to Maria Ivanovna Maltsova and Captain Pavel Nikolayevich Ignatyev Count Nikolay Ignatiev was married to Yekaterina Leonidovna Galitzina (1842-1917), daughter of Prince Leonid Mikhailovich Galitzine and Anna Matveyevna Tolstaïa. They had 8 children

General Nikolai Nikolaevich Ignatiev (1872-1962), son of Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev

Count Nikolai Nikitich Demidov (9 October / November 1773 – 22 April 1828) was a Russian industrialist, collector, military commander and arts patron of the Demidov family.The son of Nikita Akinfiyevich Demidov (1724–1786) and his third wife Alexandra Evtikhievna Safonova (1745-1778), Nikolai Demidov inherited his father's industrial empire aged only 15 and began to spend so recklessly that the government had to send in the receivers. He inherited the iron and coppersmelting plants of Nizhny Tagil, Nizhny Saldinsky, Verkhne-Saldinsky, Tšerno Istochensky, Visimo Utkinsky, Visimo Shaitansky, Laisky and Vyisky and with them also 11,550 serfs (souls) In September 1795 in Saint Petersburg he married Baroness Elisabeta Alexandrovna Stroganova (5 February 1779 –27 March 1818). By marrying her, Demidov further increased his already enormous wealth They had 4 children

Jonkheer Nicholas Cornelis Hooft

Nicolaas Kyronius Jonkheer Holmberg de Beckfelt

jonkheer Nicolaas Johannes van Suchtelen

Jonkheer Nicolaas Johan Steengracht

Jonkheer Nicolaas Johan Cornelis Versluys

Jonkheer Nicolaas Jacobsz. van Boschuysen

Jonkheer Nicolaas van Assendelft

Jonkheer Nicolaas van Foreest

Jonkheer Nicolaas Calkoen

Jonkheer Nicolaas Anthony Holmberg de Beckfelt

Jonkheer Nicolas de Séjournet de Rameignies

Jonkheer Nicolaas Jeremias Storm van 's Gravesande

Jonkheer Nicolaas van Heloma

jonkheer Nicolás (Nico) Quarles van Ufford

Jonkheer Nicolaas de Vicq

Jonkheer Nicolas de Schietere de Lophem (*1972)

Nicolas Valcke (*1989), son of Jonkvrouw Véronique van Outryve d'Ydewalle de Diest (*1962) and Jan Valcke (*1963)

jonkheer Nicolaas Hendrik Schrassert (1766-1829)

Jonkheer Nicolaas Johan Westpalm van Hoorn van Burgh (1916-1999).

jonkheer Nicolaas Pauw

Nicolas Louis Alexandre de Gunzburg (12 December 1904 – 20 February 1981), also known as Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg, was a French-born magazine editor and socialite. He became an editor at several American publications, including Town & Country, Vogue, and Harper's Bazaar. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1971. Baron Nicolas "Niki" de Gunzburg was born in Paris, France, a scion of a wealthy and influential Russian-Jewish family, whose fortune had been made in banking and oil. The Günzburgs, as they were originally known, were ennobled during the 1870s by Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.His father was Baron Gabriel Jacob "Jacques" de Gunzburg (1853–1929) His Brazilian-born mother, Enriqueta "Quêta" de Laska (died 1925), was of Polish and Portuguese descent, a daughter of Doña Joaquina Maria Marqués de Lonza Lisboa she had been previously married to French collector and bibliophile Germain Bapst (1853–1921) and married thirdly, after her divorce from Jacques de Gunzburg, Prince Basil Narischkine Gunzburg, who was homosexual and never married, had two known long-term companions

Nicolás Daniel Mauricio Guillermo (6 juli 1979), 2nd child and 2nd son of late Princess Christina of the Netherlands and Cuban- American Jorge Guillermo

Nicholas Burnell, 1st Baron Burnell (c. 1323 - 19 January 1383) was an English nobleman.

Nicholas Joseph, Freiherr von Jacquin

Baron Nicholas Kaldor

Baron Nicholas Bertouch-Lehn

Baron Nicholas De Antonio

Freiherr Nikolaus von und zu Bodman

Nikolaus Freiherr von Mentzingen.

Freiherr Nikolaus von Wacken

Nikolaus Freiherr von Verschuer

Nikolaus Kuno Freiherr von Knatter

Nikolaus Freiherr Grote

Nikolaus Freiherr von Pacassi

Nikolaus Wilhelm Beckers Freiherr von Walhorn

Nikolaus Johannes Traugott Freiherr von Stackelberg

Freiherr Nikolaus von Kottulinsky und der Jeltsch

Freiherr Nikolaus von Gayling

Freiherr Nikolaus „Nicu“ von Flondor

Nikolaus Freiherr von Wolkenstein

Nikolaus Freiherr von Verschuer

Freiherr Nikolaus Wilhelm Lenk von Wolfsberg

Nikolaus Freiherr von Krufft

Nikolaus Christoph Freiherr von Lyncker

Nikolaus Wilhelm Beckers Freiherr von Walhorn

Nikolaus Alexander, Freiherr von Franckenstein

Nikolaus von Matuschka Freiherr von Toppolczan und Spaetgen

Nikolaus Freiherr Klein von Wisenberg

Nikolaus, Freiherr von Nimbsch

Nikolaus Freiherr von Lünick

Nikolaus Freiherr von Hoenning O'Carroll

Lord Frederick William Charles Nicholas Wentworth Hervey (26 November 1961 – 26 January 1998) was a British aristocrat and political activist. He was the second son of Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol, but the only child by his second wife, the heiress Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam. As his elder half-brother was unmarried he was heir presumptive to the Marquessate. At Yale University, he founded the Rockingham Club, a society for aristocracy and royalty. He died in 1998 Lord Nicholas's father was Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol (1915–1985) of Ickworth House in Suffolk, a very wealthy aristocrat once described as "Mayfair's No. 1 Playboy," in a series of "life story" articles he wrote after serving a jail sentence for jewel robbery, a crime he claimed he had committed for a dare. Lord Nicholas's mother, his father's second wife whom he had married in 1960 being her first husband, was Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, the only child and sole heiress of the very wealthy Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl Fitzwilliam (d.1948) who died in a small aircraft crash when she was aged 13. Also killed was his intended second wife, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, a daughter-in-law of the Duke of Devonshire and a sister of US President John F. Kennedy. After his father's death in 1985 Lord Nicholas was thus the heir presumptive to the title and any entailed estates of the Marquess of Bristol after his unmarried and childless elder half-brother John Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol (1954–1999), who inherited in 1985, the only child of his father's first marriage. Nicholas and John were fond of one another.Nicholas was also the heir presumptive of the vast Fitzwilliam inheritance, through his mother.When Nicholas was eleven years old, his mother divorced his father and remarried to his 60-year-old friend, Somerset de Chair (d. 1996) by whom five years later she had a daughter, Helena de chair, who in 2007 married Jacob Rees-Mogg. In 1996 his mother remarried for a third time and is now known as Lady Juliet Tadgell.Nicholas's father also remarried, to his private secretary, Yvonne Sutton by whom he had three further children, Frederick Hervey, 8th Marquess of Bristol (born 1979), who inherited in 1999 and at whose Roman Catholic christening Nicholas had been a godfather, and two daughters Lady Victoria Hervey and Lady Isabella Hervey.In 1983 Lord Nicholas was diagnosed with mild schizophrenia which was treated with medication. His mental health worsened when it was discovered that the principal heirs of the unentailed estate of his father, who had died in 1985, were not Nicholas and his elder brother, the latter who had however inherited Ickworth House and a large fortune, but rather his third wife and her young children. Nicholas and John launched a lawsuit to have the will overturned. In 1991 Nicholas voluntarily underwent treatment in a clinic and was forced to declare bankruptcy due to debts to his lawyers of £38,000 which his trustees refused to fund, His own mother, while on the Sunday Times Rich List (in 2003 her wealth was estimated at £45,000,000), did not act to prevent the bankruptcy, which appears to have triggered his entry into the clinic. She subsequently declared that "he was never himself again" after the clinic stay Nicholas had severe depression and became increasingly reclusive. His landlady said that he "drew no shred of comfort from the high rank and great riches to which he was born" and that "he was a recluse, in the sense that he was heavily sedated and slept all day – a typical schizophrenic. He was very quiet, very Old Etonian. He was a nice guy, but very 'out of it'. Nobody visited him here, except sometimes we would hear someone come and take him out to dinner." Lord Nicholas Hervey died on 26 January 1998 at the age of 36; the cause was suicide by hanging He never married and had no children.His half-brother, John Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol, died less than a year later, also unmarried and childless, having been a habitual heroin addict for many years.

Lord Nicholas Charles Gordon-Lennox KCMG KCVO (31 January 1931 – 11 October 2004), the younger son of the 9th Duke of Richmond and his wife, Elizabeth, was a British diplomat, serving as Her Majesty's Ambassador to Spain from 1984 to 1989. Gordon-Lennox was born the younger son of Frederick Gordon-Lennox, the Earl of March and Kinrara. He married Mary Williamson, daughter of Brigadier Hudleston Noel Hedworth Williamson, on 14 January 1958. They had four children

Nicholas Herbert Stern, Baron Stern of Brentford, CH, FRS, FBA, FAcSS (born 22 April 1946) is a British economist, banker, and academic. He is the IG Patel Professor of Economics and Government and Chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics (LSE), and 2010 Professor of Collège de France. He was President of the British Academy from 2013 to 2017, and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 2014

Nicholas d 'Oisy, Lord of Avesnes, nicknamed le Beau ("the Beautiful") (c. 1130 – c. 1170), was a son of Walter I, Lord of Avesnes and his wife, Ada of Tournai. He was Lord of Avesnes, Leuze and Condé. He built castles in Landrechies and Condé. Nicholas was married to Matilda de la Roche, the widow of Thierry de Walcourt. She was the daughter of Henry I of la Roche (c. 1100 – 1126), Count of la Roche and warden of Stavelot and Malmedy and his wife, Matilda of Limburg. Her paternal grandfather was Albert III, Count of Namur; her maternal grandfather was Henry, Duke of Lower Lorraine. They had issue

Nicholas Preston, 6th Viscount Gormanston (1606–1643) sat in the House of Lords of the Irish Parliament of 1634–1635 and sided with the insurgents after the Irish Rebellion of 1641. The eldest son of Jenico Preston and his wife Margaret St. Lawrence. His father was the 5th Viscount GormanstonPreston married Mary Barnewall. She was a daughter of Nicholas Barnewall, 1st Viscount Barnewall and Lady Bridget FitzGerald They had 2 sons and 2 daughters

Nicholas, son of Nicholas Preston, 6th Viscount Gormanston He married his cousin Elizabeth Preston, daughter of Anthony Preston, 2nd Viscount Tara

(Jenico) Nicholas Dudley Preston, 17th Viscount Gormanston (born 19 November 1939), is an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and British hereditary peer, who sat in the House of Lords (as Baron Gormanston) until 1999 Lord Gormanston is the premier viscount in the Peerage of Ireland (title created 1478) The only son and heir of Captain the 16th Viscount Gormanston (1914–1940) and Pamela Hanly, daughter of Captain Edward Hanly and Lady Marjorie Feilding (daughter of the 9th Earl of Denbigh), he succeeded to the family titles before his first birthday; the 16th Viscount (Captain Jenico Preston, King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry) was killed in action during the Battle of France in 1940.In 1974, Viscount Gormanston married, firstly, Eva-Antonie Landzwójczaka (1955–1984) having 2 sons Viscount Gormanston married, secondly, on 2 November 1997 Lucy Arabella Fox (born 1960), daughter of Edward Fox and Tracy Reed

The Honourable Sir Jasper Nicholas Ridley

Nicholas Netterville, 1st Viscount Netterville (1581–1654)

Nicholas Taaffe, 2nd Earl of Carlingford, 3rd Viscount Taaffe (died 2 July 1690)

Nicholas Graf von Taaffe, 6th Viscount Taaffe (c. 1685–1769), great-grandson of the 1st Viscount

Nicholas Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus (c. 1687 - 31 December 1763)

Nicholas Hume-Loftus, 2nd Viscount Loftus (1714 – 31 October 1766) (created Earl of Ely in 1766)

Nicholas Alan Samuel, 5th Viscount Bearsted (b. 1950)

Nicholas Browne, 2nd Viscount Kenmare (c.1660 – 1720) was an Irish Jacobite politician and soldier

Nicholas Edmund Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 12th Earl of Shaftesbury, DL (born 3 June 1979), also known as Nick Ashley-Cooper or Nick Shaftesbury, is an English peer and landowner. He succeeded his brother as Earl of Shaftesbury in 2005. He also holds the subsidiary titles Baron Ashley and Baron Cooper.Nicholas Ashley-Cooper was born on 3 June 1979, in London, the younger son of Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 10th Earl of Shaftesbury (1938–2004), and his second wife Christina Eva Montan (born c. 1940), the daughter of Nils Montan, a former Swedish Ambassador to Germany. He had an elder brother, Anthony Nils Christian Ashley-Cooper (1977–2005), who in 2004 became 11th Earl of Shaftesbury, and also an elder half-brother and half-sister from Lady Shaftesbury's first marriage His father, the 10th Earl, was murdered in November 2004 by his third wife, Jamila M'Barek, a Playboy model turned prostitute, and her brother Mohammad. Six months later, on 15 May 2005, the 11th Earl died of a heart attack in Manhattan, New York, while visiting his younger brother, and Ashley-Cooper then unexpectedly succeeded him in the earldom In 2010, Lord Shaftesbury married Dinah Streifeneder, a veterinary surgeon from Munich, in Dorset The couple have three children. Their son, Anthony Francis Wolfgang Ashley-Cooper, Lord Ashley, born on 24 January 2011, is his father's heir apparent and the only person in the line of succession to the earldom.A daughter, Lady Viva Constance Lillemor Ashley-Cooper, was born in 2012, and another daughter, Lady Zara Emily Tove Ashley-Cooper, in 2014

Nicholas Eden, 2nd Earl of Avon, OBE, TD, DL (3 October 1930 – 17 August 1985), styled Viscount Eden between 1961 and 1977, was a British Army officer and, later, a Conservative politician. He was the younger son of Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden and his first wife, Beatrice (née Beckett). Widely known to have been homosexual, Lord Avon was unmarried and died from complications related to AIDS at the age of 54 The cause of death on the death certificate was stated as meningoencephalitis or "inflammation of the brain."Upon his death, his titles became extinct. At the time of his death, The News of the World identified a man "listed as authorizing cremation of Avon’s body as an antiques dealer who lived with Avon in Holland Park."

Nicholas James Alexander, 7th Earl of Caledon, KCVO (born 6 May 1955), is the Lord Lieutenant of County Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK Alexander is the son of Denis Alexander the 6th Earl of Caledon (1920–1980) and Anne Louise, Freiin de Graevenitz (1927–1963). He was married to Wendy Catherine Coumantaros from 1979 until 1985. He married Henrietta Mary Alison Newman on 19 December 1989 and they had two children: Frederick James Alexander, Viscount Alexander (born 15 October 1990) and Lady Leonora Jane Alexander (born 26 May 1993). He married Amanda Cayzer in 2008.

Nicholas Lyulph Russell, 6th Earl Russell (12 September 1968 – 17 August 2014), styled Viscount Amberley between 1987 and 2004, was the elder son of Conrad Russell, 5th Earl Russell and Elizabeth Russell (formerly Elizabeth Sanders) He succeeded to the Earldom of Russell on his father's death on 14 October 2004. He lived with his fiancée Georgina Farrer in Leytonstone, until his sudden death from a presumed heart attack on 17 August 2014, aged 45 A post mortem later confirmed the cause of death to have been due to thrombosis

Nicholas Richard Michael Eliot, 9th Earl of St Germans (26 January 1914 – 11 March 1988) was a British peer. Eliot was the son of Montague Eliot, 8th Earl of St Germans and Helen Agnes, daughter of Arthur Post, of New York, U.S.A Lord St Germans married three times: On 25 April 1939 (divorced 1947) to Helen Mary (17 April 1915 – 6 December 1951), daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Walter Villiers, DSO, CBE, of the Royal Scots Fusiliers (a descendant of the politician and diplomat Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon – himself son of the 2nd Earl of Jersey – and of the politician John Parker, 1st Baron Boringdon), and Lady Kathleen Mary, daughter of Lowry Cole, 4th Earl of Enniskillen Their children were:
Peregrine Nicholas Eliot (b. 2 January 1941, d. 15 July 2016) Lady Frances Helen Mary Eliot (6 March 1943 – 6 January 2004) who was married 9 October 1965 (div 1987) to Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice, 9th Marquess of Lansdowne.
On 27 May 1948 (divorced 1959) to Margaret Eleanor, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel William Francis George Wyndham, of Heathfield Lodge (great-grandson of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont and a descendant also of the Lords Polwarth) and Maud Eleanor, daughter of William Sydney Hylton Jolliffe, of Heath House, Petersfield, Hampshire (son of the politician William Jolliffe, 1st Baron Hylton);[4] they had no issue
In 1965, to Mary Bridget Thomas, daughter of colonial Governor Sir Shenton Thomas, with no issue.

Nicholas Louis Charles Norton Knatchbull, Lord Brabourne (born 15 May 1981), son of Norton Louis Philip Knatchbull, 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma (born 8 October 1947) and Penelope Meredith Eastwood. He married on 20 May 2021 to Ambre Pouzet at Broadlands. They have a son, Alexander Knatchbull.

Nicholas John Cunliffe-Lister, 3rd Earl of Swinton (4 September 1939 – 21 March 2021), styled the Hon. Nicholas Cunliffe-Lister from 1955 to 2006, was a British peer The younger grandson of the first Earl, he became Earl of Swinton on the death of his older brother, the 2nd Earl, on 26 March 2006. Their father, Major Hon. John Yarburgh Cunliffe-Lister, the son and heir of Philip Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Earl of Swinton, had been killed in action in 1943. Swinton's first wife was the Hon. Elizabeth Susan Whitelaw, eldest daughter of the 1st Viscount Whitelaw, whom he married in 1966. She was appointed Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire in July 2005 He had two sons and one daughter by his first wife Before he became Lord Swinton, Cunliffe-Lister and Susan Whitelaw divorced, and in 1996 he married secondly Pamela June Wood, the former wife of Jeremy Sykes, of the Sykes family of Sledmere

Nicholas Hume-Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely (died 1766)

Nicholas Hume-Loftus, 2nd Earl of Ely (1738–1769)

Nicholas Knowles, Knollis or Knollys, 3rd Earl of Banbury, (3 January 1631 - 14 March 1674) was an English nobleman who sat in the House of Lords but was excluded from the Long Parliament, thus precipitating the famous “Banbury Case” which remains partly unresolved to this day.The Banbury case was notorious both for its long duration and for the fact that it involved the bastardisation of children without an accompanying Parliamentary divorce.William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, had died apparently childless, aged 85, in 1632. His widow, the Catholic Lady Elizabeth Howard, over thirty years his junior, had quickly married Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden, also a Catholic, and soon after produced two young children who had undoubtedly been born during her first husband’s lifetime and who, she claimed, were William’s lawful issue. The case fell into abeyance during the English Civil War and the Commonwealth of England, but when Lady Elizabeth’s son Nicholas attempted to take his seat in the Convention Parliament (1660) leading up to The Restoration, his legitimacy was successfully challenged by his peers. There followed the presentation and scrutiny of at least eight petitions by Nicholas and his descendants, before their claim of his legitimacy was finally defeated in 1813, although the Committee merely reported that the petitioner had not discharged the burden of proof that lay upon him and so left the way open for a future claim.Nicholas was born on 3 January 1631, a second son to The Countess of Banbury, at Harrowden Hall in Northamptonshire, the house of Edward Vaux, 4th Baron Vaux of Harrowden. She was the daughter of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk and granddaughter of Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, a second cousin of Queen Elizabeth 1. Her husband was, William Knollys, 1st Earl of Banbury, whose mother, Catherine Carey was a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth 1. Some historians believe that Catherine was the illegitimate child of Henry VIII, which would make her also Elizabeth I's paternal half-sister Nicholas was married twice, firstly to Lady Isabella Blount ( - 1654) dau of Mountjoy Blount, 1st Earl of Newport, (his first cousin) and had 2 daughters. He married secondly Anne Sherard (b. - d. 6 March 1679/80) on 4 October 1655, dau of William Sherard, 1st Baron Sherard of Leitrim and had 5 children

Nicholas Saunderson, 1st Viscount Castleton (1561–1630)

Nicholas Saunderson, 2nd Viscount Castleton (d. 1640)

Nicholas Saunderson, 3rd Viscount Castleton (1625–1641)

Nicholas Ian Macpherson, Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, GCB (born 14 July 1959) is a former senior British civil servant. He served as the Permanent Secretary to the Treasury from 2005 to 2016.Macpherson was Permanent Secretary to three Chancellors. He managed the department through the financial and wider economic crisis which began in 2007.Macpherson was nominated for a crossbench peerage in David Cameron's 2016 resignation Honours, and joined the House of Lords on 4 October 2016. Macpherson was nominated for a life peerage in the 2016 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours and was created Baron Macpherson of Earl's Court, of Earl's Court in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, on 4 October He is the father of Fred Macpherson, frontman and vocalist of indie rock band Spector

Nicholas Lord of Howth (1270)

Nicholas Lord of Howth (1334-1404)

Nicholas St Lawrence, 4th Baron Howth (died 1526)

Nicholas St Lawrence, 9th Baron Howth (1555–1606)

Nicholas St Lawrence, 11th Baron Howth (1597–1643)

Arthur Nicholas Winston Soames, Baron Soames of Fletching, PC (born 12 February 1948), is a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Mid Sussex from 1997 to 2019, having previously served as the MP for Crawley from 1983 to 1997.Soames was born in 1948 in Croydon, Surrey, the eldest son of Sir Christopher Soames and Dame Mary (née Spencer-Churchill) Soames. He is a grandson of the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and a grandnephew of Lady Baden-Powell, World Chief Guide, the wife of the founder of the Scout movement, Lord Baden-Powell. Industrialist Rupert Soames is Soames's brother, and journalist Emma Soames is a sister. It was announced on 14 October 2022, that as part of the 2022 Political Honours, Soames would be appointed a life peer. On 28 October 2022, he was created Baron Soames of Fletching, of Fletching in the County of East Sussex Soames has been married twice. On 4 June 1981, he married Catherine Weatherall (sister of Percy Weatherall and Isobel, Countess of Strathmore and Kinghorne) at St Margaret's, Westminster. The Prince of Wales served as best man and the wedding was attended by The Queen Mother, Princess Margaret and Lady Diana Spencer They had one son before divorcing in 1988:His second marriage was on 21 December 1993 to Serena Smith (a niece of The Duchess of Grafton and daughter of Sir John Smith). They have two children

Nicholas Le Poer Trench, 9th Earl of Clancarty, 8th Marquess of Heusden (born 1 May 1952), is an Anglo-Irish peer, as well as a nobleman in the Dutch nobility. Lord Clancarty serves as an elected Crossbench hereditary peer in the British House of Lords. His earldom is in the Peerage of Ireland. Lord Clancarty was born in Uxbridge on 1 May 1952, the only son of Hon Power Edward Ford Le Poer Trench, second son of William Trench, 5th Earl of Clancarty from his second marriage. Lord Clancarty is married to the journalist Victoria Lambert. They have one daughter:There is no heir to the earldom or to any of the other titles.

Nicholas FitzMaurice, 3rd Lord of Kerry.

Nicholas Leke, 2nd Earl of Scarsdale (1612–1681)

Nicholas Leke, 4th Earl of Scarsdale (1682–1736)
Leke died unmarried and the earldom became extinct. Although unmarried, he fathered three children by Madame Margaret Seymour of Yaxley. Those children were Nicholas, Seymour, and Margaret.

Nicholas son of Nicholas Leke, 4th Earl of Scarsdale and Madame Margaret Seymour of Yaxley

Nicholas Hay, 2nd Earl of Erroll (c. 1436 – 1470) was a Scottish peer. He was the second Earl of Erroll and the third Lord Hay of Erroll. Nicholas Hay was the son of William Hay, 1st Earl of Erroll and Lady Beatrix Douglas, daughter of James Douglas, 7th Earl of Douglas. Nicholas was the great-great-grandson of King Robert II of Scotland and his first wife, Elizabeth Mure. He had a contract to Lady Margaret, daughter of Alexander Gordon, 1st Earl of Huntly which for some reason did not take place; he instead married her sister, Lady Elizabeth, on 15 November 1461. She secondly married John Kennedy, 2nd Lord Kennedy; she had a charter for life and on her death in 1500, left the lands of Cassillis and Dunure to the Kennedys The family seat was Slains Castle. He died without issue and the earldom passed to his brother, William.

Nicholas Seagrave (after 1256 – 25 November 1321), lord of Stowe in Northamptonshire, was Marshal of England from 1308 to 1316. He was the second son of Nicholas of Seagrave, first Baron Seagrave and a leading supporter of Simon de Montfort in his struggle with King Henry III.

Lord Frederick William Charles Nicholas Wentworth Hervey (26 November 1961 – 26 January 1998)[a] was a British aristocrat and political activist. He was the second son of Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol, but the only child by his second wife, the heiress Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam. As his elder half-brother was unmarried he was heir presumptive to the Marquessate. At Yale University, he founded the Rockingham Club, a society for aristocracy and royalty. He died in 1998.Lord Nicholas's father was Victor Hervey, 6th Marquess of Bristol (1915–1985) of Ickworth House in Suffolk, a very wealthy aristocrat once described as "Mayfair's No. 1 Playboy," in a series of "life story" articles he wrote after serving a jail sentence for jewel robbery, a crime he claimed he had committed for a dare. Lord Nicholas's mother, his father's second wife whom he had married in 1960 being her first husband, was Lady Juliet Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, the only child and sole heiress of the very wealthy Peter Wentworth-Fitzwilliam, 8th Earl Fitzwilliam (d.1948) who died in a small aircraft crash when she was aged 13. Also killed was his intended second wife, Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington, a daughter-in-law of the Duke of Devonshire and a sister of US President John F. Kennedy. Lady Juliet thus inherited her father's estate of estimated value £45 million, and later managed the family stud farm. After his father's death in 1985 Lord Nicholas was thus the heir presumptive to the title and any entailed estates of the Marquess of Bristol after his unmarried and childless elder half-brother John Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol (1954–1999), who inherited in 1985, the only child of his father's first marriage. Nicholas and John were fond of one another Nicholas was also the heir presumptive of the vast Fitzwilliam inheritance, through his mother. When Nicholas was eleven years old, his mother divorced his father and remarried to his 60-year-old friend, Somerset de Chair (d. 1996) by whom five years later she had a daughter, Helena de chair, who in 2007 married Jacob Rees-Mogg. In 1996 his mother remarried for a third time and is now known as Lady Juliet Tadgell.Nicholas's father also remarried, to his private secretary, Yvonne Sutton by whom he had three further children, Frederick Hervey, 8th Marquess of Bristol (born 1979), who inherited in 1999 and at whose Roman Catholic christening Nicholas had been a godfather, and two daughters Lady Victoria Hervey and Lady Isabella Hervey.In 1983 Lord Nicholas was diagnosed with mild schizophrenia which was treated with medication. His mental health worsened when it was discovered that the principal heirs of the unentailed estate of his father, who had died in 1985, were not Nicholas and his elder brother, the latter who had however inherited Ickworth House and a large fortune, but rather his third wife and her young children. Nicholas and John launched a lawsuit to have the will overturned. In 1991 Nicholas voluntarily underwent treatment in a clinic and was forced to declare bankruptcy due to debts to his lawyers of £38,000 which his trustees refused to fund, His own mother, while on the Sunday Times Rich List (in 2003 her wealth was estimated at £45,000,000), did not act to prevent the bankruptcy, which appears to have triggered his entry into the clinic. She subsequently declared that "he was never himself again" after the clinic stay Nicholas had severe depression and became increasingly reclusive. His landlady said that he "drew no shred of comfort from the high rank and great riches to which he was born" and that "he was a recluse, in the sense that he was heavily sedated and slept all day – a typical schizophrenic. He was very quiet, very Old Etonian. He was a nice guy, but very 'out of it'. Nobody visited him here, except sometimes we would hear someone come and take him out to dinner." Lord Nicholas Hervey died on 26 January 1998 at the age of 36; the cause was suicide by hanging He never married and had no children. His half-brother, John Hervey, 7th Marquess of Bristol, died less than a year later, also unmarried and childless, having been a habitual heroin addict for many years.

Arthur Francis Nicholas Wills Hill, 9th Marquess of Downshire (born 4 February 1959), is a British peer in the peerage of Ireland and landowner in Yorkshire.Downshire was born in 1959, the son of Robin Hill, 8th Marquess of Downshire. Downshire married Diana Jane Bunting, daughter of Gerald Leeson Bunting, a solicitor, of Otterington House, Northallerton, and they have four children, three daughters and a son

Nicholas ΙΙΙ Zorzi or Giorgi (Italian: Niccolò) was the Marquess of Bodonitsa, a member of the Zorzi family of the Republic of Venice, from 1416 to 1436, though the title was purely nominal by then. Before becoming marquess in an exchange with his nephew Nicholas II, he was the baron of Carystus (from 1410). He was a son of Guglielma Pallavicini and Marquess Nicholas I Zorzi.

Nicholas Mosley, 3rd Baron Ravensdale, 7th Baronet, MC, FRSL (25 June 1923 – 28 February 2017), was an English novelist and biographer, including that of his father, Oswald Mosley, the founder of the British Union of Fascists Mosley was born in London in 1923. He was the eldest son of Sir Oswald Mosley, 6th Baronet, a British politician, and his first wife, Lady Cynthia Mosley, a daughter of George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston (a Viceroy of India and at the time of Mosley's birth Foreign Secretary) In 1966, Mosley succeeded his aunt Irene Curzon, 2nd Baroness Ravensdale, his mother's elder sister, as Baron Ravensdale, thus gaining a seat in the House of Lords; he did not use the title Mosley married twice and was the father of five children. On 14 November 1947 he married firstly Rosemary Laura Salmond (divorced 1974, died 1991), daughter of Sir John Maitland Salmond and the Honourable Monica Margaret Grenfell, and they had 4 children. In 1974, after a divorce, he married secondly Verity Elizabeth Raymond, daughter of John Raymond, and had one son

Niccolò is an Italian male given name, derived from the Greek Nikolaos meaning "Victor of people" or "People's champion".

Niccolò I d'Este, Marquis of Modena and Ferrara (died 1344), see Duke of Ferrara and of Modena

Niccolò I Ludovisi (1634–1664), Prince of Piombino from 1634 until his death

Niccolò I Sanudo (died in 1341), was the fifth Duke of the Archipelago from 1323 to his death. He was the son and successor of William I of the House of Sanudo.

Niccolò I Trinci (died in 1421), was the lord of Foligno from 1412, inheriting it from his father Ugolino III Trinci. He also fought as condottiero for the Republic of Venice. In 1404, he married Tora da Varano, daughter of Rodolfo III da Varano, lord of Camerino.In 1421, the Castellan of Nocera Umbra, Pietro di Rasiglia, suspecting his wife of adultery with Niccolò, invited the whole Trinci family to a hunting party and killed all of them, except the young Corrado, who took revenge for the murder of his relatives, attacking the town and killing the castellan.

Niccolò II Alberti (c. 1250 – 1321), was an Italian Dominican friar, statesman, and cardinal.Albertini was born about 1250 in the city of Prato, then in the County of Prato, part of the Holy Roman Empire, to parents who both belonged to illustrious families of Tuscany

Niccolò II Sanudo (died aft. 1374), was the Lord of Gridia (a fief in Andros) and eighth Duke of the Archipelago as the consort of his cousin Florence Sanudo, with whom he reigned until her death.

Niccolò II d'Este (1338 – 26 March 1388) was lord of Ferrara, Modena and Parma from 1361 until his death.He was the son of Obizzo III, who had ruled in Ferrara from 1317 to 1352. After inheriting his lands from Aldobrandino III, he allied with Padua, Verona and Mantua against Bernabò Visconti and, after a meeting at Viterbo, he managed to obtain also the support of Pope Urban V (1367).During Niccolò's reign, Ferrara started to gain a reputation as an art city. He commissioned to Bartolino da Novara the construction of the Castello Estense after a popular revolt in 1385.

Niccolò II Ludovisi (1699–1700) was a Prince of Piombino

Niccolò III dalle Carceri (died in 1383), ninth Duke of the Archipelago and Lord of Euboea, was the only son of the first marriage of eighth Duchess Florence Sanudo, whom he succeeded in 1371, to Giovanni dalle Carceri, Lord of Euboea

Nicholas III Zorzi, Margrave of Bodonitsa from 1416 to 1436, was the Marquess of Bodonitsa, a member of the Zorzi family of the Republic of Venice, from 1416 to 1436, though the title was purely nominal by then. Before becoming marquess in an exchange with his nephew Nicholas II, he was the baron of Carystus (from 1410). He was a son of Guglielma Pallavicini and Marquess Nicholas I Zorzi.

Niccolò III d'Este (9 November 1383 – 26 December 1441) was Marquess of Ferrara from 1393 until his death. He was also a condottiero.Born in Ferrara, the son of Alberto d'Este and Isotta Albaresani, he inherited the rule of the city in 1393 when only 10 years old. As a minor he was guided by a Regency Council supported by the Republics of Venice, Florence and Bologna. Niccolò had children with at least eleven different women.He married first Gigliola da Carrara, daughter of Francesco II da Carrara, lord of Padua in June 1397. She died of the plague in 1416. They had no known children.He married secondly Parisina Malatesta, daughter of Andrea Malatesta. He had her executed on 21 May 1425 for allegedly having an affair with his illegitimate son Ugo d'Este. They had three children He married thirdly Ricciarda of Saluzzo in 1429. She was a daughter of Thomas III of Saluzzo and Marguerite of Pierrepont. They had two children He also had eleven illegitimate children

Niccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli[a] (3 May 1469 – 21 June 1527) was an Italian diplomat, author, philosopher and historian who lived during the Renaissance. He is best known for his political treatise The Prince (Il Principe), written around 1513 but not published until 1532, five years after his death. He has often been called the father of modern political philosophy and political science. Machiavelli was born in Florence, Italy, the third child and first son of attorney Bernardo di Niccolò Machiavelli and his wife, Bartolomea di Stefano Nelli, on 3 May 1469.The Machiavelli family is believed to be descended from the old marquesses of Tuscany and to have produced thirteen Florentine Gonfalonieres of Justice

Don Niccolo, Marchese Incisa della Rocchetta. The Marquisate of Incisa (Marchesato di Incisa in Italian) was a lordship of the House of Aleramici in southern Piedmont, northern Italy, which existed between the 12th and 16th centuries.

Rudolph or Rudolf (French: Rodolphe or Raoul, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish: Rodolfo) or Rodolphe is a male first name, and, less commonly, a surname. It is an ancient Germanic name deriving from two stems: Hrōþi, Hruod, Hróðr or Hrōð, meaning "fame", "glory" "honour", "renown", and olf meaning "wolf" (Hrōþiwulfaz).

Rudolph, Count of Ponthieu (died 866)

Rudolph II of Burgundy (880–937)

Rudolph of France (c. 890–936), reigned 923–936

Rudolf of Rheinfelden (1025–1080), Duke of Swabia

Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (died 1232)

Rudolf I of Germany (1218–1291)

Rudolf II, Duke of Austria (1270–1290)

Rudolph I of Bohemia (1281–1307)

Rudolf II, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1306–1353)

Rudolph, Duke of Lorraine (1320–1346)

Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria (1339–1365)

Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612)

Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria (Rudolf Franz Karl Josef; 21 August 1858 – 30 January 1889) was the only son and third child of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Duchess Elisabeth of Bavaria (Sisi). He was heir apparent to the imperial throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire from birth. In 1889, he died in a suicide pact with his mistress Mary Vetsera at the Mayerling hunting lodge. The ensuing scandal made international headlines.The son of Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth. He was named after the first Habsburg King of Germany, Rudolf I, who reigned from 1273 to 1291Rudolf was raised together with his older sister Gisela and the two were very close. At the age of six, Rudolf was separated from his sister as he began his education to become a future Emperor of Austria. This did not change their relationship and Gisela remained close to him until she left Vienna upon her marriage to Prince Leopold of Bavaria. In contrast with his deeply conservative father, Rudolf held liberal views that were closer to those of his mother. Nevertheless, his relationship with her was at times strained In Vienna, on 10 May 1881, Rudolf married Princess Stéphanie of Belgium, a daughter of King Leopold II of Belgium, at the Augustinian Church in Vienna. Although their marriage was initially a happy one, by the time their only child, the Archduchess Elisabeth, was born on 2 September 1883, the couple had drifted apart. After the birth of their child, Rudolf became increasingly unstable as he drank heavily and was having many affairs. This behaviour, however, was not entirely new as Rudolf had a long history of reckless promiscuity prior to his marriage In 1886, Rudolf became seriously ill and the couple was directed to the island of Lacroma (present day Croatia) for his treatment. In transit, Stéphanie also became seriously ill and described "suffering terrible pain". The couple's diagnosis of peritonitis was kept secret by order of the Emperor After intensive treatment, Stéphanie was able to recover from the illness but she was left unable to have children as the illness had destroyed her fallopian tubes Stéphanie's symptoms and outcome indicate Rudolf had most likely infected her with gonorrhoea. Rudolf himself did not improve with treatment and grew increasingly ill. It is likely he had contracted syphilis in addition to gonorrhoea. In order to cope with the effects of the disease, Rudolf began taking large doses of morphine By 1889, it was common knowledge at Court that Stéphanie would not have any more children due to the events of 1886, and that Rudolf's health was deteriorating. In 1886, Rudolf bought Mayerling, a hunting lodge. In late 1888, the 30-year-old Crown Prince met the 17-year-old Freiin (Baroness) Marie von Vetsera, known by the more fashionable Anglophile name Mary, and began an affair with her.On 30 January 1889, he and the young Baroness were discovered dead in the lodge as a result of an apparent joint suicide. As suicide would prevent him from being given a church burial, Rudolf was officially declared to have been in a state of "mental unbalance", and he was buried in the Imperial Crypt (Kapuzinergruft) of the Capuchin Church in Vienna. Vetsera's body was smuggled out of Mayerling in the middle of the night and secretly buried in the village cemetery at Heiligenkreuz. The Emperor had Mayerling converted into a penitential convent of Carmelite nuns and endowed a chantry so that daily prayers would eternally be said by the nuns for the repose of Rudolf's soul. Vetsera's private letters were discovered in a safe deposit box in an Austrian bank in 2015, and they revealed that she was preparing to commit suicide alongside Rudolf, out of love Rudolf's death plunged his mother, Empress Elisabeth, into despair. She wore black or pearl grey, the colours of mourning, for the rest of her life and spent more and more time away from the imperial court in Vienna. Her daughter Gisela was afraid that she might also commit suicide Rudolf's death had left Franz Joseph without a direct male heir. Franz-Joseph's younger brother, Archduke Karl Ludwig, was next in line to the Austro-Hungarian throne,hough it was falsely reported that he had renounced his succession rights. In any case, his death in 1896 from typhoid made his eldest son, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the new heir presumptive. However, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated in 1914 (an event that precipitated World War I), so when Emperor Franz-Joseph died in November 1916, he was succeeded instead by his grandnephew, Charles I of Austria. The demands of the American President, Woodrow Wilson[citation needed] forced Emperor Charles I to renounce involvement in state affairs in Vienna in early November 1918. As a result, the Austro-Hungarian Empire ceased to exist and a republic came into being without revolution. Charles I and his family went into exile in Switzerland after spending a short time at Castle Eckartsau.

Rudolf Johann Windisch-Graetz (born 1907-1939), son of Prince Otto of Windisch-Graetz (born 7 October 1873- 27 December 1952) and Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria (1883–1963)

Prince Rudolf of Liechtenstein (18 April 1838 – 15 December 1908) was an Austrian aristocrat, a general in the Common Army and one of the highest officials in the court of Emperor Franz Joseph I. Rudolf was the youngest child and second son of Prince Karl Joseph of Liechtenstein and Countess Franziska von Wrbna-Freudenthal. His family was a cadet branch of the reigning Princely House of Liechtenstein, the Moravský-Krumlov line, which was descended from Prince Karl Borromäus, the younger brother of Franz Joseph I, Prince of Liechtenstein. Upon the death of his older brother Karl Rudolf – who was unmarried and childless – in 1899, Rudolf became head of the family. In the later years of his life, Rudolf was often plagued by illness; his duties were taken over by his deputy Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo. He eventually died unmarried in 1908, and was interred in the family crypt in Moravský Krumlov castle, Moravia. With his death, the Moravský-Krumlov line of the House of Liechtenstein became extinct.

Prince Rudolf Maria Franz Placidus of Liechtenstein (5 October 1816 – 19 June 1848), unmarried and without issue. Son of Johann I Joseph, Prince of Liechtenstein and Landgravine Josepha of Fürstenberg-Weitra

Archduke Rudolf of Austria (Rudolf Maria Carl Eugen Anna Antonius Marcus d'Aviano, born 17 November 1950), oldest child and son of Archduke Carl Ludwig of Austria (10 March 1918 – 11 December 2007) and Princess Yolande of Ligne (6 May 1923 – 13 September 2023) He married Baroness Hélène de Villenfagne de Vogelsanck (born 24 April 1954) On 29 May 1978 he, his children and male-line descendants were incorporated in the nobility of Belgium by royal letters patent with the hereditary title Prince/sse de Habsbourg-Lorraine and the style of Serene Highness He and Hélène have eight children, who were later recognised by the Head of the Imperial House of Austria as Archdukes and Archduchesses of Austria:

Rudolph Johann Joseph Rainier, Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia, Cardinal-Archbishop of Olomouc (8 January 1788 – 24 July 1831), was a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and an Austrian clergyman and noble. He was consecrated as Archbishop of Olomouc (Olmütz) in 1819 and became cardinal in the same year. Rudolph is known for his patronage of the arts, most notably as sponsor of Ludwig van Beethoven, who dedicated several of his works to him. He died on 24 July 1831 of a cerebral hemorrhage in Baden bei Wien at the age of 43 and was interred in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna; his heart was buried in the crypt in Saint Wenceslas Cathedral in Olomouc.

Rudolf von Habsburg (5 September 1919 – 15 May 2010) was the sixth child and youngest son of Emperor Charles I of Austria and Zita of Bourbon-Parma He was born in Prangins, Switzerland, where the former Austrian Imperial family were staying after they had been sent into exile. He was named after Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria. Rudolf was married by Archbishop Fulton Sheen to Countess Xenia Czernichev-Besobrasov the daughter of Count Sergei Aleksandrovich Czernyshev-Besobrasov and Countess Elizabeta Dmitrievna Sheremeteva, on 22 June 1953 at Tuxedo Park, New York They had four children. Xenia was killed in a car crash on 20 September 1968, in which Rudolf was also seriously injured Rudolf was married secondly to Princess Anna Gabriele von Wrede (11 September 1940) on 15 October 1971 in Ellingen, Bavaria. They had 1 daughter

Count Rudolf (living 944), was a count in Lower Lotharingia, who apparently held possessions in the Hesbaye region and in the area of Meuse river north of Maastricht. It has been proposed that he was a son of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut, and thus a member of the so-called Regnarid dynasty.

Count Rudolf von Walderdorff (died 1866) was an Austrian malacologist and entomologist. He was a member of the Walderdorff family, a noble German family. He was a captain in the Austrian Imperial Army. He was killed in the Battle of Königgrätz.

Rudolf (also Rudolph, Ralph, or Raoul, called Maccabeus, Maccabeo, or Maccabees; died 1108) was the second Norman count of Montescaglioso from the death of his father Robert in 1080.

Rudolf II (also Rudolph) (died c.990) was a count of Altdorf and a member of the Swabian group of the Elder House of Welf.

Count Rudolf von Schönborn-Wiesentheid (1918-1998)

Count Rudolf von Enzenberg zum Freyen und Jochelsthurn (1835–1874)

Rudolf of Rheinfelden (c. 1025 – 15 October 1080) was Duke of Swabia from 1057 to 1079. Initially a follower of his brother-in-law, the Salian emperor Henry IV, his election as German anti-king in 1077 marked the outbreak of the Great Saxon Revolt and the first phase of open conflict in the Investiture Controversy between Emperor and Papacy. After a series of armed conflicts, Rudolf succumbed to his injuries after his forces defeated Henry's in the Battle on the Elster.

Count Rudolph von Apponyi (1 August 1812 – 31 May 1876) was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat and Ambassador to London.

Count Rudolf Festetics de Tolna

Count Rudolf Scherer of Tübingen-Herrenberg

Count Rudolf (Rudi) of Schönburg-Glauchau

Rudolf I, Count of Bregenz

Rudolf I, Margrave of the Nordmark

Count Rudolf of Rheinfelden

Count Rodolphe-Auguste Louis Maurice d'Ornano (9 June 1817 – 14 October 1865) was a French aristocrat and politician during the Second French Empire.

Prince Rodolphe de Croÿ

Count Rodolphe de Causans (born 22 January 1973)

Rodolphe-Auguste d'Ornano

Count Rodolphe Christian Léopold Carl Ludwig Philippe de Limburg-Stirum (b. 20 March 1979). He married Archduchess Marie-Christine of Austria (31 July 1983), They have three sons.

Count Rodolphe de Looz-Corswarem

Baron Rodolphe Hottinguer (1902–1985) was the fifth Baron of Hottinguer.

Baron Rodolphe d'Erlanger (June 7, 1872-October 29, 1932) was a French painter and musicologist, specializing in North African and Arabic music.

Baron Rodolphe Hottinguer was a banker that ran his family owned French bank Messieurs Hottinguer & Cie taking over from his father Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer in 1866. He passed on the bank to his son Baron Henri Hottinguer at the age of 83. He was born in Paris in 1835 and died there in 1920.

Baron Rodolphe Hottinger (born 14 August 1956) is a Swiss banker of the House of Hottinguer. His ancestor, Jean-Conrad Hottinger, created the Bank Rougemont, Hottinger & Cie. in 1786. In 1799, he added a 'u' to the family name, to preserve the Germanic pronunciation.

Baron Rodolphe de Gortz

Jonkheer Rudolph Otto van Holthe tot Echten

Jonkheer Rudolf Maria Jozef Franciscus Liberatus van Grotenhuis

Jonkheer Ir. Rudolf Arent

jonkheer Rudolf Huinga op Ungersma

Jonkheer Mr. Rudolph Everhard Willem van Weede

Rudolf Adriaan Jonkheer van Valkenburg

Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff (27 March 1905 – 27 January 1980) was an officer in the German Army. He attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bombing on 21 March 1943; the plan failed when Hitler left early, but Gersdorff was undetected. That same month, soldiers from his unit discovered the mass graves of the Soviet-perpetrated Katyn massacre. Rudolf Christoph von Gersdorff was born into a military family of Silesian nobility. He was the second son of Baron Ernst von Gersdorff and his spouse Christine (née Countess zu Dohna-Schlodien). In 1934, Gersdorff married Renata Kracker von Schwartzenfeldt (1913–1942), co-heiress to the rich Silesian industrialist family of von Kramsta, with whom he had one daughter, Eleonore. Gersdorff later married Eva-Maria von Waldenburg, who was a direct descendant of Prince Augustus of Prussia, although through an illegitimate line. She was previously married to Kurt von Wallenberg-Pachaly. His third and final marriage was to Irmgard Löwe

Rudolf Freiherr von Sebottendorf, real name Adam Alfred Rudolf Glauer (November 9, 1875 -May 8, 1945) was a German anti-Semite, occultist, freemason, adventurer, coup plotter and spy. He was an admirer of Guido von List and Cistercian and ariosophist Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels.

Rudolf Stöger-Steiner Freiherr von Steinstätten (26 April 1861 – 12 May 1921) was a colonel general in the Austro-Hungarian army and served as the last Imperial Minister for War not only to the Austro-Hungarian Empire but also to the ancient Habsburg monarchy which sat at its head.

Freiherr Rudolf von Merkl (28 March 1831–22 January 1911) was a general in the Common Army of Austria-Hungary and briefly served as Imperial and Royal Minister of War in 1893.

Major-General Rudolf Anton Carl Freiherr von Slatin, Geh. Rat, GCVO KCMG CB[1] (7 June 1857 – 4 October 1932) was an Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in Sudan.On 21 June 1914, Rudolf Carl von Slatin married Baroness Alice von Ramberg. They had 1 daughter

Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels (4 December 1895 – 14 August 1969) was a German general during World War II who commanded the 6th Panzer Division. He was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves of Nazi Germany.

Rudolf Freiherr von Roman (19 November 1893 – 18 February 1970) was a German general (General of the Artillery) who commanded several corps during World War II. He was recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.

Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels (born April 26, 1965) is a German writer, journalist and actor. He is a member of the Waldenfels family, a German Adelsgeschlecht (noble lineage of Barons) that dates back to the 13th century AD. He lives in Berlin and in his ancestral hometown of Lichtenberg, in Bavaria. He is the grandnephew of Wehrmacht Panzer general Rudolf Freiherr von Waldenfels.

Freiherr Rudolf von Speth-Schülzburg

Freiherr Rudolf Adolf Blasius Aloysius Felix Joseph Hubertus Maria von Loë

Count Rodolphe de Looz Corswarem

Count Rodolphe Apponyi

Jonkheer Rodolphe 't Kint de Roodenbeke (*2000)

Jonkheer Rodolphe Francois Marie Fernand de Hemptinne

Jonkheer Rodolphe du Bois d'Aische (*1986)

Ridder Rodolphe de Ghellinck d'Elseghem Vaernewyck (*1981)

Count Rodolphe d'Yve de Bavay (*1998)

Jonkheer Rodolphe de Radzitzky d’Ostrowick (*1988)

Jonkheer Rodolphe Plissart (1877-1939)

Jonkheer Rodolphe de Meester de Ravestein

Count Rodolphe de Hemricourt de Grunne

Comte Rodolphe d'Oultremont

The name derives from Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם), the name which God the Father used to refer to men and women both male and female, according to the Hebrew Bible, which is, in turn, derived from the noun adamah (אדמה), meaning "soil" or "earth". When used as noun, אָדָם means "man" or "humanity"Its Biblical and Quranic uses have ensured that it is a common name in countries which draw on these traditions, and it is particularly common in Christian and Muslim majority countries. In most languages, its spelling is the same, although the pronunciation varies. Adán and Adão are the Spanish and Portuguese forms, respectively.

Hans-Adam I (Johann Adam Andreas; 16 August 1662 – 16 June 1712) was the son of Karl Eusebius, Prince of Liechtenstein (1611–1684) and Princess Johanna Beatrix of Dietrichstein (1625–1676).On 18 January 1699[1] he acquired the seigneury of Schellenberg, and on 22 February 1712 the county of Vaduz.[2] These two domains would later form the present principality of Liechtenstein. He was also Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf.Johann did not take up an office at the Imperial court but did case-by-case work, especially as a financial expert. He was known informally as Hans Adam the Rich. Besides managing his property, he took a great interest in art. He bought works by Rubens and van Dyck for his collections and was one of the most generous patrons of his time.Johann created two memorials to himself, a palace in Bankgasse in Vienna and a summer palace in Rossau. He was the 575th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria.Johann married his first cousin, Erdmuthe Maria Theresia of Dietrichstein, Princess of Dietrichstein-Nikolsburg (17 April 1652 – 15 March 1737) on 16 February 1681. They had seven children

Hans-Adam II (Johannes Adam Ferdinand Alois Josef Maria Marco d'Aviano Pius; born 14 February 1945) is the reigning Prince of Liechtenstein, since 1989. He is the son of Prince Franz Joseph II and his wife, Countess Georgina von Wilczek. He also bears the titles Duke of Troppau and Jägerndorf, and Count of Rietberg. Under his reign, a 2003 constitutional referendum expanded the powers of the Prince of Liechtenstein. In 2004, Hans-Adam transferred day-to-day governmental duties to his eldest son Hereditary Prince Alois as regent, like his father had granted him in 1984 to prepare him for the role. He was born on 14 February 1945 in Zürich, Switzerland, as the eldest son of Prince Franz Joseph II and Princess Gina of Liechtenstein On 30 July 1967, at St. Florin's in Vaduz, he married his second cousin once-removed Countess Marie Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (14 April 1940 – 21 August 2021) They have four children: Hereditary Prince Alois, Prince Maximilian, Prince Constantin, and Princess Tatjana (also known after marriage as Tatjana von Lattorff) They remained married until her death on 21 August 2021, at the age of 81.

Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski (1 December 1734 – 19 March 1823) was an influential Polish aristocrat, writer, literary and theater critic, linguist, traveller and statesman. He was a great patron of arts and a candidate for the Polish crown. He was educated in England and after his return to Poland in 1758, he became a member of the Sejm (parliament), Crown General of Podolia and Marshal of General Confederation of Kingdom of Poland He was the son of Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski, voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodeship, and Maria Zofia Sieniawska. He married Izabela Fleming on 18 November 1761, in Wołczyn, Poland. They had issue

Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (Lithuanian: Аdomas Jurgis Čartoriskis; 14 January 1770 – 15 July 1861), in English known as Adam George Czartoryski, was a Polish nobleman, statesman, diplomat and author. The son of a wealthy prince, he began his political career as a foreign minister to the Russian Tsar Alexander I after Poland was partitioned by Russia, Prussia and Austria. He later became a leader of the Polish government in exile and a bitter opponent of Alexander's successor, Tsar Nicholas I. In exile, he advocated for the reestablishment of a sovereign Polish state, which also stimulated early Balkan and Belgian nationalism, and intensified their desire for independence.Czartoryski was a dedicated patron of arts and greatly contributed to the Czartoryski Collection. In 1798, he purchased one of Poland's most important national treasures – Leonardo da Vinci's Lady with an Ermine, which he brought as a gift for his mother from Italy.Czartoryski was born on 14 January 1770 in Warsaw. He was the son of Prince Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski and Izabela Flemming. It was rumoured that Adam was the fruit of a liaison between Izabela and Russian ambassador to Poland, Nikolai Repnin However, Repnin left the country two years before Adam Czartoryski was born. At the Congress of Vienna, Alexander had also been asked to agree to a divorce for the Empress Elizabeth so that she could marry Czartoryski. This request was refused. In 1817, he married Princess Anna Zofia Sapieha. The wedding led to a duel with his rival, Ludwik Pac They had issue

Prince Adam Ludwik Czartoryski (5 November 1872 – 29 June 1937) was a Polish nobleman, landowner, and patron of the arts. He was the son of Prince Władysław Czartoryski and Princess Marguerite Adélaïde Marie of Orléans. Adam Ludwik was born in 1872. He became the head of the Czartoryski family after the death of his father in 1894 In 1901 he married Countess Maria Ludwika Krasińska. His young wife took over the direction of affairs with tremendous determination, being a great heiress in her own right. They had 7 children

Prince Adam Michał Czartoryski (1906–1998) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) of the Czartoryski magnate.Adam became a Master Engineer, forester and Doctor of Biology. He entered the Polish Army and was promoted to the rank of captain in the Invasion of Poland, later becoming a member of the Armia Krajowa (pseudonym "Szpak"). He was owner of the Głuszyn, Babki and Wigry estates.He married Countess Jadwiga Tekla Stadnicka on 24 June 1937 in Nowojowa Castle. His children were Jerzy Andrzej Bobola Czartoryski, Maria Krystyna Czartoryska, Izabella Czartoryska, and Jadwiga Anna Czartoryska.

Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha (4 December 1828– 21 July 1903) was a Polish nobleman, landlord, politician.His mother, Jadwiga Sapieżyna, was a daughter of the 12th Ordynat of the Ordynacja Zamojska Count Stanisław Kostka Zamoyski.In 1894, he became Head of the Exhibition Committee of the General National Exhibition in Lviv. He was married to Princess Jadwiga Klementyna Sanguszko-Lubartowicza and had issue

Prince Adam Stefan Stanisław Bonifacy Józef Cardinal Sapieha (14 May 1867 – 23 July 1951) was a senior-ranking Polish prelate of the Catholic Church who served as Archbishop of Kraków from 1911 to 1951. Between 1922 and 1923, he was a senator of the Second Polish Republic (Polish Rzeczpospolita). In 1946, Pope Pius XII created him a Cardinal. Sapieha was born in 1867 in the castle of Krasiczyn, then part of the Austrian Empire. His family, originally from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, were members of the Polish nobility. He was the youngest of the seven children of Prince Adam Stanisław Sapieha-Kodenski and Princess Jadwiga Klementyna Sanguszko-Lubartowicza, daughter of Prince Władysław Hieronim Sanguszko. His elder brother, Prince Władysław Leon Sapieha, is the great-grandfather of Queen Mathilde of the Belgians.

Adam Zygmunt Sapieha (1892–1970), son of Prince Władysław Leon Adam Feliks Sapieha (30 May 1853 – 29 April 1920) and Countess Elżbieta Konstancja Potulicka

Adam Franz Prince of Schwarzenberg (25 September 1680 – 11 June 1732), 3rd Prince of Schwarzenberg, was a Bohemian nobleman from the Schwarzenberg family and Austrian Obersthofmarschall.His parents were Ferdinand, 2nd Prince of Schwarzenberg (1652–1703) and Countess Maria Anna von Sulz (1653–1698). He was married to Eleonore Elisabeth Amalia Magdalena von Lobkowicz (1682–1741). They had 2 children

Adam Karl Wilhelm Nikolaus Paul Eugen von Württemberg (16 January 1792 – 26 July 1847) was a Duke of Württemberg and General in Russian and Polish-Russian service.Württemberg was born in Puławy to Duke Louis of Württemberg (1756–1817) and Princess Maria Anna Czartoryska (1768–1854). After his parents divorced in 1793 he was raised by his father and, as a nephew of the Russian Empress consort Maria Feodorovna, he was one of the playfellows of the later Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and soon joined the Tsarist Russian Army. During the occupation of France, in 1815, he was the chief of the army of Würtemberg in the department of Allier. Throughout the Polish November Uprising of 1830 he commanded the Russian avantguard troops of General Cyprian Kreutz and was defeated on 19 February 1831 by the Polish forces of General Józef Dwernicki prior to the Battle of Olszynka Grochowska.Württemberg became a lieutenant general and adjutant of Tsar Nicholas I; after his dismissal he returned to Germany, where he died in Langenschwalbach.

Adam Wenceslaus of Cieszyn (Polish: Adam Wacław cieszyński, Czech: Adam Václav Těšínský, German: Adam Wenzel von Teschen; 12 December 1574 – 13 July 1617), was a Duke of Cieszyn from 1579 until his death. He was the second but only surviving son of Wenceslaus III Adam, Duke of Cieszyn, by his second wife Sidonia Katharina, daughter of Francis I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. His older half-brother, Frederick Casimir, only son of Wenceslaus III Adam's first marriage, died a few years before he was born, in 1571. After his father's death in 1579, Adam Wenceslaus inherited the Duchy of Cieszyn; but because he was a minor at that time, the regency was held by his mother and the Dukes George II of Brzeg and Karl II of Ziębice. This triple regency continued until 1586, when the Dowager Duchess Sidonia Katharina remarried with the Hungarian nobleman Imre III Forgach, Obergespan [Count] of Trenčín (17 February) and the eldest regent, Duke George II of Brzeg, died (7 May). Despite her new marriage, Sidonia Katharina retained her influence in Cieszyn. Duke Karl II of Ziębice ruled since them as sole regent. On 17 September 1595 Adam Wenceslaus married with Elisabeth (d. 19 November 1601), daughter of Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland. They had five children

Adam Albert, Count von Neipperg (8 April 1775 – 22 February 1829) was an Austrian general and statesman. He was the son of a diplomat famous for inventing a letter-copying machine, and the grandson of Count Wilhelm Reinhard von Neipperg. His second wife, Empress Marie-Louise, was the widow of Napoleon and a daughter of Francis II, the last Holy Roman Emperor and founding Emperor of the Austrian Empire. Adam Neipperg was born in Vienna as a son of Count Leopold von Neipperg (1728–1792) and his third wife Countess Maria Wilhelmine von Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg (1750–1784). In 1766, the County of Neipperg, centred on Schwaigern, had become an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire, but was mediatised to the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1806. In 1806, Neipperg married Therese Josephine Walpurgis, Countess von Pola (1778–1815). Before her death on 23 April 1815, they had four sons He was succeeded in the headship of the House of Neipperg by his eldest son Alfred who died childless and his brother Erwin followed him. The male heirs of this senior line of counts still live at Schwaigern in Germany. The present head of the house, Karl-Eugen, Count von Neipperg (born 1951), is the husband of Archduchess Andrea von Habsburg. In August 1814, he was instructed to escort Napoleon's wife, the Empress Marie-Louise, to Aix-les-Bains to take the waters. However, the true purpose of his mission was to prevent the Empress from joining Napoleon in exile in Elba. Neipperg, who had understood this perfectly, was rumored to have told his mistress in Milan: "Inside of six months I shall be her lover, and soon her husband". The quote is most likely apocryphal, and at any rate, he did not need that long, as the Empress soon became his lover and talk of Elba never arose again.Four months after the death of Napoleon I in 1821, he married Marie-Louise in a morganatic marriage. She had become sovereign Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla, styled Maria-Luigia di Parma, in the final act of the Congress of Vienna on 9 June 1815. From this union, four children were born, the first two before the marriage, whilst Marie-Louise was still legally married to Napoleon

Adam Wilhelm Moltke, 3rd Count of Bregentved (25 August 1785 – 15 February 1864) was a Danish nobleman, landowner, civil servant and politician, who in 1848–1852 was the first Prime Minister of Denmark under the new constitutional monarchy outlined in 1848 and signed as the Danish Constitution on 5 June 1849 by Frederick VII of Denmark A member of the Danish and German noble family Moltke, Adam Wilhelm Moltke was born on 25 August 1785 at the Einsiedelsborg manor house on the island of Funen, the son of Privy Counsellor Joachim Godske Moltke Molke was married twice. His first wife, Frederikke Louise Knuth (1797–1819), died in 1819. After Frederikke's death, he married Marie Elisabeth Knuth (1791–1851), her sister. Marie Elisabeth and Adam had two children

Adam Wilhelm Moltke (30 March 1852 –10 October 1860), son of Frederik Georg Julius Moltke, Count of Bregentved (27 February 1825 – 1 October 1875) and Caroline van der Maase (23 July 1827 – 26 September 1886)

Adam Graf Tarnowski von Tarnów (4 March 1866 – 10 October 1946), was an Austro-Hungarian diplomat of Polish origin during World War I. Born in Kraków on 4 March 1866 into an old family of the Polish aristocracy. On 10 September 1901, he married Princess Marie Światopełk-Czetwertyńska (1880–1965) in Warsaw. Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as Count, not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.

Count Adam Gurowski (September 10, 1805 – May 4, 1866) was a Polish-born author who emigrated to the United States in 1849.He was a son of the Count Władysław Gurowski, an ardent admirer of Tadeusz Kościuszko.

Count Adam Baworowski (9 August 1913 – 1943) was an Austrian-Polish tennis player.Count Adam Baworowski descended from the Polish noble family Baworowski. He was the son of Count Rudolf Baworow-Baworowski (1865-1931) and Austrian Countess Maria Chorinsky von Ledske (1876-1963)

Count Adam Gottlob von Moltke (10 November 1710 – 25 September 1792) was a German-born Danish courtier, statesman and diplomat, and Favourite of Frederick V of Denmark. Moltke was born at Riesenhof in Mecklenburg. His son, Joachim Godske Moltke, and his grandson, Adam Wilhelm Moltke, later served as Prime Minister of Denmark Adam Gottlob Greve von Moltke was born 10/11 November 1710 to Joachim von Moltke and Magdalene Sophia von Cothmann. Though of German origin, many of the Moltkes were at this time in the Danish service, which was considered a more important and promising opening for the young north German noblemen than the service of any of the native principalities He was married to Christiane Frederikke von Brüggemann (1712–1760). After her death, he married Sophie Hedevig von Raben (1732–1802), the daughter of Christian Frederik von Raben, the Gouverneur (or Bishop) of the Diocese of Lolland–Falster from 1737 to 1763 Between his two wives, Moltke was said to have had 22 sons, five of whom became cabinet ministers, four who became ambassadors, two who became generals, and all of whom went into public service

Adam Ferdinand Gottlob von Moltke (b. 1748), son of Count Adam Gottlob von Moltke

count Adam Ronikier

Ádám Batthyány (1610–1659),

Count Adam Petrovich Ozharovsky (Polish: Adam Ożarowski) (1776 – 30 November 1855) was a Russian general of Polish descent who distinguished himself during the Napoleonic Wars. His father, hetman Piotr Ożarowski, was seized by the insurrectionists and charged with treason during the Warsaw Uprising, which took place from April 17 to April 19, 1794. He was sentenced to death and executed by hanging three weeks after the insurrectionists gained control of the Polish capital, on May 9, 1794.

Count Adam Sophus Danneskiold-Samsøe (1874-1961)

Count Adam Otto Danneskiold-Samsøe (1910-1981)

Count Adam Carl von Moltke-Huitfeld (1864–1944)

Count Adam von Hutten-Czapski (1819–1884)

Adam Graf von Schwar(t)zenberg (26 August 1583 – 14 March 1641) was a German official who advised George William, Elector of Brandenburg, during the Thirty Years' War and served as the Master of the Johanniterorden, the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Order of Saint John (1625−41). Schwarzenberg was born in Gimborn in the County of Mark. He was the son of Adolf, Count of Schwarzenberg, and a member of the House of Schwarzenberg from Franconian Seinsheim. The family was first documented in 1172 and elevated to the status of Reichsgraf in 1599. His mother was Margaretha Freiin Wolff von Metternich. Schwarzenberg married Margaretha Freiin Hartard von Pallant in 1613, but his wife died two years later while giving birth to his second son, Johann Adolf. Rather than remarrying, Schwarzenberg entered the Johanniterorden, becoming its Herrenmeister ("Lord of the Knights", or Grand Master) in 1625. He retained that office until his death, sixteen years later.

Count Ádám Kendeffy de Malomvíz (1795-1834)

Count Adam Batthyány

Count Adam Józef Potocki

Count Adam Stadnicki

Count Adam Tarnowski (2 March 1892 – 9 May 1956), was an Austro-Hungarian and Polish diplomat. He was the minister of foreign affairs in the Polish government in exile from 1944 to 1949.He was a son of Austro-Hungarian diplomat Adam Tarnowski (1866-1946).

Adam Zrinski (Hungarian: Zrínyi Ádám) (24 December 1662 –19 August 1691) was a Croatian count and officer in Habsburg monarchy army service, a member of the Zrinski noble family.Adam Zrinski was the son of Croatian Ban (viceroy) Nikola Zrinski (1620–1664) and his second wife Maria Sophia Löbl, an Austrian baroness.

Count Ádám Teleki de Szék (1789–1851)

Count Adam Dunin-Wąsowicz

Count Adam Rzhevusky

Count Adam Friedrich von Schlieben (1677–1752)

Count Adam Philipp Losy von Losinthal

Count Adam of Wapno

Baron Ádám Viczay de Loós was a Hungarian nobleman, member of the Baron Viczay de Loós family.His parents were Sándor Viczay de Loós and Orsolya Hagymássy de Szentgiróth and Beregszó. He had three younger sisters, including Éva, second wife of Baron Pál Esterházy. Ádám was created Baron by Ferdinand III on 15 May 1645.Baron Ádám married twice: his first wife was Zsuzsanna Török de Telekes, the second one was Katalin Körtvélyessy. He had three children, János, Mária and Orsolya. János established the family wealth with the inheriting of the Hédervári estate.

Adam Humphrey Drummond, 17th Baron Strange (born 20 April 1953), is the son of Captain Humphrey ap Evans, MC, who assumed the name 'Drummond of Megginch' by decree of Lord Lyon, 1965, and Cherry Drummond. The 17th Baron Strange has discontinued the use of the suffix 'of Megginch' after his surname.Drummond was educated at Eton, Sandhurst, and Heriot-Watt University. He was a major in the Grenadier Guards.Drummond married Hon. Mary Emma Jeronima Dewar in 1988. She is the daughter of Baron Forteviot. They have one son and one daughter.He succeeded his mother in 2005, the day after she made a last-minute change to her will leaving everything to her youngest daughter, including Megginch Castle.

Adam de Welles, 1st Baron Welles (d. 1311)

Adam de Welles, son of Adam de Welles, 1st Baron Welles

Adam de Welles, 3rd Baron Welles (1304–1345)

baron Adam du Port

Adam Hafejee Patel, Baron Patel of Blackburn (7 June 1940 – 29 May 2019) was a British businessman and Labour Member of the House of Lords. Son of Hafejee Ismail Patel and wife Aman (née Zumla) Hafejee On 14 February 2000, he was created a Life Peer as Baron Patel of Blackburn, of Langho in the County of Lancashire Patel was married since 1964. He had four sons and four daughters.

Sir Adam de Everingham, 1st Baron Everingham (died 1341), Lord of Laxton, was an English noble. Adam married firstly Clarice de La Warre, and secondly to Margaret the widow of John d’Eville. He is known to have had 5 children

Sir Adam de Everingham, 2nd Baron Everingham (died 1388), Lord of Laxton, was an English noble who fought during the Second War of Scottish Independence and the Hundred Years' War. Adam was the eldest son of Adam de Everingham and Clarice la Warre Adam married Joan, daughter of Sir John D'Eyvill of Egmanton and Margaret, they are known to have had 5 children

Baron Ádám Récsey de Récse (Hungarian: récsei báró Récsey Ádám, German: Adam Retsey von Retse; 10 February 1775 – 26 October 1852) was a Hungarian general, joined the army of Habsburg monarchy, and briefly a politician who was appointed illegally as the Prime Minister of Hungary by King Ferdinand V during the Revolution of 1848, serving in this capacity from 3 October to 7 October 1848. Récsey countersigned his own appointment, neglecting the Diet of Hungary. He resigned when an uprising broke out in Vienna in the effects of the Hungarian Revolution. He was the only Hungarian Prime Minister who was born in the 18th century. Ádám Récsey de Récse was born into a Transylvanian noble family in Sárd (today Șard, part of Ighiu in Romania) on 10 February 1775 to József Récsey and Erzsébet Kapronczai.

Colonel Baron Adam Bistrom

Jonkheer Adam Jean Bernard de Roye van Wichen

Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine (4 February 1740 – 28 August 1793) was a French general. As a young officer in the French Royal Army, he served in the Seven Years' War. In the American Revolutionary War he joined Rochambeau's Expédition Particulière (Special Expedition) supporting the American colonists. Following the successful Virginia campaign and the Battle of Yorktown, he returned to France and rejoined his unit in the Royal Army.

Admiral Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan, KB (1 July 1731 – 4 August 1804) was a British admiral who defeated the Dutch fleet off Camperdown on 11 October 1797. This victory is considered one of the most significant actions in naval history.Adam was the second son of Alexander Duncan, Baron of Lundie, Angus, (d. May 1777) Provost of Dundee, and his wife (and first cousin once removed) Helen, daughter of John Haldane of Gleneagles On 6 June 1777 Duncan married Henrietta (1749–1832), daughter of Robert Dundas of Arniston, Lord President of the Court of Session. On his death Duncan left a family of four daughters and two sons.

Adam Loftus, 1st Viscount Loftus (c. 1568–1643), was Lord Chancellor of Ireland from 1619 and from 1622 raised to the peerage of Ireland as Viscount Loftus of Ely, King's County Loftus was the second son of Robert Loftus; little is known of his mother. Loftus married Sarah Bathow (died 1650), of whom Strafford spoke unkindly, widow of Richard Meredith, Bishop of Leighlin, by whom he had four sons and two daughters

Adam Duncan Chetwynd, 9th Viscount Chetwynd of Bearhaven

Adam Richard John Casson Chetwynd, 10th Viscount Chetwynd of Bearhaven (2 February 1935 – 20 August 2015) was a British businessman and peer.He was Viscount Chetwynd from 1965 until his death.The son of Adam Duncan Chetwynd, 9th Viscount Chetwynd of Bearhaven, and his wife Joan Gilbert Casson, daughter of Herbert Alexander Casson CSI, of Arthog, Merionethshire, On 19 February 1966, Chetwynd married firstly Celia Grace Ramsay, daughter of Commander Alexander Robert Ramsay; they were divorced in 1974, after having three children On 15 August 1975, he married secondly Angela May McCarthy, daughter of Jack Payne McCarthy

Adam Douglas Chetwynd, later 11th Viscount Chetwynd of Bearhaven (born 1969). Son of Adam Richard John Casson Chetwynd, 10th Viscount Chetwynd of Bearhaven and Celia Grace Ramsay,

Viscount Adam II of Melun

Adam Hepburn, 2nd Earl of Bothwell (born c. 1492, died 9 September 1513) was a Scottish nobleman, who succeeded his father Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell in 1508. Prior to that, he was known by one of his territorial designations, Adam Hepburn of Crags, under which he drew up his Testament.Hepburn married in 1511 (the first of her four husbands) Agnes (died February 1557), the illegitimate daughter of James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan by Margaret Murray. This Agnes Stewart was provided with Letters of Legitimacy, confirmed by Queen Mary of Guise, on 31 October 1552, under the Great Seal of Scotland. Hepburn and Agnes had one child: Patrick. Hepburn was killed at the Battle of Flodden, where he commanded the Scottish reserve.

Adam of Kilconquhar (died 1271) was a Scottish noble from the 13th century. Of Fife origin, he is notable for becoming the husband of the Countess of Carrick and participating in the Ninth Crusade under the command of Lord Edward, Duke of Gascony (future King Edward I of England). Evidence indicates that Adam was from the MacDuff family; he was probably the son of Duncan of Kilconquhar, son of Adam (son of Duncan, Earl of Fife), who appears frequently as a witness in the documents of St Andrews Cathedral Priory as Adam frater comitis, i.e. brother of Earl Duncan II Adam appears to have enjoyed the favour of the Scottish king Alexander III, and married Marjorie, daughter and heiress of Neil, Earl of Carrick He was able to use the title of earl in his wife's name, but it is unlikely that he had much role ruling the province, as Earl Neil had left the position of kindred chief (ceann cineil) to his nephew Lachlan Their daughter Martha, step-daughter of Robert Bruce, was the mother of Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray one of the Bruce's closest companions-in-arms He died at Acre in 1271, while on crusade Adam's widow Marjorie went on to marry her husband's companion-in-arms Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale

Adam (perhaps representing the name Áedán), ruled from sometime prior to 1189 as Mormaer of Angus. Almost nothing is known of him, but it is fairly certain that he was the son of Gille Brigte, the previous Mormaer. He died young and was succeeded (if they did not rule jointly) by his younger brother Gille Críst.

Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown (25 March 1812 – 30 January 1867), styled Viscount Duncan between 1831 and 1859, was a British nobleman and politician Hon. Adam Duncan was born in Edinburgh on 25 March 1812. He was the son of Robert Haldane-Duncan, 1st Earl of Camperdown and the former Janet Hamilton-Dalrymple (1783–1867). On 23 May 1859, Viscount Duncan married Juliana Cavendish Philips, eldest daughter and co-heiress of Whig MP Sir George Philips, 2nd Baronet and Hon. Sarah Georgiana Cavendish (eldest daughter of Richard Cavendish, 2nd Baron Waterpark) They had 3 children

Adam Bligh, 11th Earl of Darnley (1941–2017), half-brother and heir of the 10th Earl (2nd son of the 9th Earl by his 3rd wife). In 1968 he resided at Meadow House in Cobham. He married Susan Elaine Anderson and had issue

Hon. Adam Julian Robert Macmillan (1948–2016)

Adam Hepburn, Master of Hailes (after 1432 – 1479) was Sheriff of Berwickshire in April 1467, and had a charter of confirmation of Dunsyre in the sheriffdom of Lanarkshire, dated 13 October 1475, being thereafter designated 'of Dunsyre'.Adam Hepburn, Master of Hailes, was the son of Sir Patrick Hepburn, 1st Lord Hailes and Ellen Wallace. He was not of age to marry on 2 February 1448, the date of the marriage contract agreed between his father, and Alexander Home, 1st Lord Home, which settled the contract of marriage between Adam and Helen Home, Sir Alexander's daughter by his spouse Marion Lauder They had 5 children

Sir Adam Hepburn was the son of Adam Hepburn, Master of Hailes and Helen Home, and brother of Patrick, the first Earl of Bothwell. He lived at Craigs, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. He married Elizabeth Ogstoun, daughter of William Ogstoun, thus making a considerable addition to his patrimony They had 3 daughters

Sir Adam Fraunceys I (d.1374/5)

Sir Adam Francis II (d.1417)

Freiherr Adam Slavata Z Chlumu A Kosumberka

Freiherr Adam Hermann von Spies Büllesheim

Freiherr Adam von Puechhaim

Freiherr Adam Josef Speth von Zwiefalten

Freiherr Adam von Lützow

Vera (Cyrillic: Вера: Véra, "faith") is a female given name of Slavic origin, and by folk etymology it has also been explained as Latin vera meaning "true". In Slavic languages, Vera means faith.

Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia (16 February 1854 – 11 April 1912), великая княгиня Вера Константиновна) was a daughter of Grand Duke Konstantine Nicholaievich of Russia. She was a granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I and first cousin of Tsar Alexander III of Russia.She had a difficult childhood marked by illness and tantrums. In 1863, while her father was Viceroy of Poland, she was given away to be raised by her childless uncle and aunt, King Karl and Queen Olga of Württemberg. Vera's condition improved in their home and she outgrew her disruptive behavior. In 1871 she was legally adopted by Karl and Olga, who arranged her marriage in 1874 to Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1846–1877), a member of the Silesian ducal branch of the family. Her husband died suddenly three years later. Vera, only twenty-three years old, did not remarry, dedicating herself to her twin daughters. At the death of King Karl in 1891, Vera inherited a considerable fortune and she turned her home into a cultural gathering place. She was a popular figure in Württemberg, notable for her charitable work.
Grand Duchess Vera was known in royal circles as an eccentric both in appearance and behavior. Although she kept in touch with her Romanov relatives, visiting Russia many times, she identified more closely with her adopted country. In 1909 she abandoned Orthodox Christianity and converted to Lutheranism. She died two years later after a stroke.Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia was born in St. Petersburg on 16 February 1854, the fourth child and second daughter of the six children of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna (born Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Altenburg). Grand Duchess Vera spent her early years in St Petersburg and in 1861, the family moved to Warsaw when her father was appointed Viceroy of Poland. Vera was a troubled child, prone to violent fits of anger, and suffered what was officially described as a "nervous condition". She became so unmanageable that her parents decided to send her to her aunt, Grand Duchess Olga, Queen of Württemberg, who agreed to take care of her. On 7 December 1863, Grand Duke Constantin and his wife arrived with nine-year-old Vera in Stuttgart, entrusting her care to the childless King Karl of Württemberg and Queen Olga. Officially this was ascribed to the more advanced medical treatment the child would receive in Germany, but it was also a way for Vera's parents to hide her embarrassing illness from the Russian court.Queen Olga was happy to take care of her niece in spite of the difficulties, and for Vera, her aunt eventually took the place of her mother.Queen Olga and her husband were devoted foster parents, but in the beginning, they had little success in improving the girl's condition. Vera was homesick and continued to be extremely difficult, to the point of being physically violent towards them. Periodically, Vera had to be brought under control by an army officer, and on more than one occasion she was locked up.Karl went for long walks with Vera and read passages from the Bible to her in the evening. By 1866, there was still little improvement in Vera's condition, but Queen Olga persevered and with time, Grand Duchess Vera eventually outgrew her disruptive behavior.As a young woman, she was introspective, shy, but clever with an intellectual bent. She disliked ceremony. Her physical appearance, like her personality, was rather peculiar. She had thick, curly blonde hair, but was short, stumpy and extremely plain. King Karl and Queen Olga legally adopted Grand Duchess Vera in 1871. They arranged her marriage to a member of the Silesian branch of their family, Duke Eugen of Württemberg (born 20 August 1846 – 27 January 1877), as in this way she would not have to leave the country after her marriage. The couple were distant cousins, as Vera was a great-great-granddaughter of Friedrich II Eugen, Duke of Württemberg twice over; on her father's side and on her mother's.The engagement took place in January 1874, pleasing both families. Grand Duke Konstantine wrote to the King and Queen profusely thanking them for the help they had given to his daughter. Queen Olga wrote to her friend Marie von Kiderlen-Waechter, "My problem child is now a happy bride, loving and beloved. I never dreamed that such happiness could exist. Eugen is already like a son to the King. I fold my hands and thank God day and night for such a blessing"Even the heir to the Württemberg throne, Prince William, wrote that Vera was the luckiest bride in the world. "While she is very ugly and will always remain so, compared to how she was as a child she is unbelievably improved. I consider her not to be without accomplishments, and, I believe, not without heart." Vera was nineteen and Eugen was twenty-eight. The wedding was celebrated with great pomp in Stuttgart on 4 May 1874 in the presence of Vera's uncle, Tsar Alexander II, who, noticing the unattractiveness of his niece, remarked ungallantly, "I confess that I do not envy the young husband" The couple settled in a large house, the "Akademie" in Stuttgart. The following year, Vera gave birth to a son, Karl Eugen, who died only seven months later. In 1876, Vera had twin daughters, Elsa and Olga. However, the Grand Duchess' married life was to be short-lived. Her husband, an officer in the Württemberg army, took charge of command in Düsseldorf, where he died unexpectedly on 27 January 1877. The cause of death was officially given as, alternately, a fall from a horse, and a respiratory illness. However, many believed the Duke, a well-known bon vivant, had actually been killed in a duel, which was hushed up. The marriage lasted three years. Only twenty-three years old, Vera never married again. She reacted to the death of her husband in practical, not grief-stricken terms Rather than returning to her native country, the young widow decided to stay in Württemberg, the country she felt to be her own, where she had the protection of the King. However, she traveled frequently to visit her relatives in Russia as well as her only sister, Queen Olga of the Hellenes, in Greece.

Princess Vera Constantinovna of Russia, also Vera Konstantinovna (Russian: Вера Константиновна Романова; 24 April 1906 – 11 January 2001), was the youngest child of Grand Duke Konstantine Konstantinovich of Russia and his wife, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna. A great-granddaughter of Tsar Nicholas I of Russia, she was born in the Russian Empire and was a childhood playmate of the younger children of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia She lost much of her family during World War I and the Russian Revolution. At age twelve, she escaped revolutionary Russia, fleeing with her mother and brother George to Sweden. She spent the rest of her long life in exile, first in Western Europe and from the 1950s in the United States. Princess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia was born at Pavlovsk on 24 April 1906. She was the youngest child among the nine children of Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich of Russia and his wife Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna, born Princess Elizabeth of Saxe-Altenburg. She was going to be named Marianne in honor of her mother's favorite sister, Princess Marie Anne of Saxe-Altenburg, but her paternal aunt Grand Duchess Vera Constantinovna of Russia insisted that her niece should be named after her Princess Vera was eight years old when Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated and World War I broke out, in the summer of 1914. Vera was with her parents and her brother George in Germany visiting her maternal relatives in Altenburg at the start of the war. The conflict took them by surprise, trapping them in Germany, an enemy country. It was thanks to the intervention of the German Empress, Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein that they were allowed to return to Russia Vera's older siblings joined the Russian army in the military effort, and her favorite brother Oleg was killed in action. She was considered too young and was not allowed to attend her brother's funeral. Her brother's death was just the first of many family misfortunes. The following year, her father died of a heart attack in her presence. In a letter to her brother, she later described how she was sitting with her father in his study, when Grand Duke Constantine Constantinovich began gasping. Princess Vera managed to push open a heavy door between her parents' studies, pushing aside several heavy plants that stood in front of the door, and ran to her mother crying that her father couldn't breathe. Her mother ran after her, but the grand duke had already died After the death of her father, in 1916, Vera moved with her mother and her brother George to the Marble Palace in Petrograd, leaving Pavlovsk to her eldest brother Prince Ivan Konstantinovich During the chaotic rule of the Provisional Government, and after the October Revolution, Princess Vera, her mother, and her brother George, remained at Pavlovsk. For a time, they lived a precarious existence, and her mother was forced to secretly sell family heirlooms to provide for the family. They stayed in the palace until the summer of 1918, when the revolution forced them to leave it and to take an apartment in the city During the Russian revolution, four of Vera's brothers were imprisoned by the Bolsheviks. Only Prince Gabriel was eventually released. Three of her brothers (Ivan, Constantine and Igor) were killed at Alapaevsk, along with other Romanov relatives, in July 1918. Initially, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna was reluctant to leave Russia remembering her late husband's words, that if Russia was in need, it was a Romanov's duty to help. However, with their situation becoming increasingly dangerous, she accepted an offer made by her friend, Queen Victoria of Sweden, through the Swedish Ambassador Edvard Brändström, to travel to Sweden From Kronstadt twelve-year-old Princess Vera escaped to Sweden aboard the Swedish vessel Ångermanland in October 1918 with her mother, her brother George, and her young nephews (Prince Teymuraz Constantinovich and Prince Vsevolod Ivanovich of Russia) and nieces (Princess Natalia Konstantinovna Bagration-Mukhransky and Princess Catherine Ivanovna of Russia) when they were permitted by the Bolsheviks to be taken by ship to Sweden, via Tallinn to Helsinki and via Mariehamn to Stockholm, at the invitation of Queen Victoria of Sweden. At Stockholm harbor, they met Prince Gustaf Adolf, who took them to the royal palace. Later, Vsevolod and Catherine were able to reunite to their mother. Princess Vera lived with her mother and her brother George for the next two years in Sweden, first in Stockholm and then in Saltsjöbaden. As Sweden proved too expensive to live in, Elizabeth Mavrikievna wrote a letter to Albert I of Belgium, asking him to allow them to move to his country. In 1920 they relocated to Brussels where they were frequently ill. In 1922, Vera's uncle, Duke Ernest II of Saxe-Altenburg invited them to move to Germany.[2] Elizabeth Mavrikievna settled in the ancestral castle of her family near Leipzig, in the small town of Altenburg. Princess Vera followed her mother half a year later after spending sometime in Oberstdorf in the Allgäu region of the Bavarian Alps recuperating from tuberculosis.Her mother died of cancer on 24 March 1927 in Leipzig. Left alone and without sufficient means of subsistence, Vera Constantinovna moved to Bavaria, with friends and shortly after relocated to London with her brother George. When two years later, George moved to the United States, she returned to Altenburg. Princess Vera lived there for thirty years. Prince George died in New York City in 1938. Princess Vera lived in Germany through the difficult years of World War II.During the War, she worked as a translator in a camp for prisoners of war. But German officials soon removed her from that position because she had tried to help fellow prisoners.For many years, as she later recalled, she was haunted by the events of the Revolution."I used to have the same dream, as if I stood with my back to a pit and they were going to shoot me...my awakening was not less terrible than the dream itself, because I was constantly afraid to open my eyes and see that they had really come to take me to the execution".At the end of World War II, in early 1945, American troops arrived in Altenburg. On hearing that, according to the Potsdam Conference, Altenburg was going to be part of the zone of Soviet occupation, Princess Vera fled on foot. With her cousin, Prince Ernst-Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, she had to walk 240 kilometers in 12 days, fleeing the advancing Soviet troops.[2] Once safe, Princess Vera settled in Hamburg on 5 January 1946. Until 1949 she worked as a translator in the British branch of the Red Cross and later in the DP Medical Center When this one was closed, she worked at the reception in another British institution. She belonged to no country, as she only had an ambiguous Nansen passport, which gave her the ability to travel but no protections of statehood. Despite this, she refused to take the protection offered to her by various European countries, considering herself Russian. " I didn't leave Russia", she once declared, "Russia left me".In 1951 she moved to the United States,[6] where her main activity was to work for the Tolstoy Foundation, which provided aid to Russians in need. For the next decades she lived in New York, and was very active in charities. In November 1952 Vera Constantinovna became involved in the work of the Russian Children's Welfare Society where she continued her work there until 1969. At the same time, she volunteered at the Fund of Assistance to the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. She retired in April 1971. She regarded some of the émigré community, and some of their pretensions, with skepticism. She did not have the nostalgic idyll of many émigrés, but rather the memories of her childhood and her lost family. The constant stream of visitors she regarded with some amusement and found rather trying. She did not care for those who would speak in awe-struck tones of the late Imperial family; she would often relate stories of their humanness and misbehavior. For her, the children of the last Tsar remained her childhood playmates, not distant figures for adoration. She also regarded the canonization of the Romanovs, including her brothers and uncle, as a puzzling, peculiar move by the Church. Princess Vera wrote four short articles about her life for a magazine "Kadetskaya pereklichka" published by Union of the Russian Kadets in New York in 1972.Princess Vera retained a certain aura of living history, being the last surviving member of the Romanov family who could remember Imperial Russia.Her two brothers and sister who managed to escape Russia all predeceased her. Prince Gabriel died in 1955, leaving no heirs, as did her brother Prince George, the victim of an early death at the age of 33 in 1938. Her sister, Princess Tatiana, eventually took holy orders and became an Orthodox Nun. She died in Jerusalem in 1979.Princess Vera died at the Tolstoy Foundation's elderly care home in Valley Cottage, New York, on 11 January 2001, at the age of 94. She was buried next to her brother Prince Georgy Konstantinovich at the cemetery of the Russian Orthodox Monastery of Novo-Diveevo in Nanuet, New York. Of all the members of the Romanov family in Imperial Russia, only her niece Princess Catherine Ivanovna outlived her. Princess Vera never married and left no children. In the spring of 2007 the Pavlovsk Palace, where she was born, held an exhibit about her and her family, commemorating what would have been her 101st birthday.

Vera Lehndorff (German: Vera Anna Gottliebe Gräfin von Lehndorff; born 14 May 1939), known professionally as Veruschka, is a German aristocrat, model, actress and artist. She is considered the "first German supermodel.“ Born into an old noble House of Lehndorff, Vera Gottliebe Anna Gräfin von Lehndorff-Steinort was born in Königsberg, East Prussia, as the second of four daughters of Count Henrich von Lehndorff-Steinort and his wife, Countess Gottliebe Marianne Alexandrine Nancy von Kalnein (1913–1993). Her father was a German aristocrat and army reserve officer who became a key member of the German Resistance, after witnessing Jewish children being beaten and killed. She studied art in Hamburg and then moved to Florence, where she was discovered at age 20 by the photographer Ugo Mulas and became a full-time model. In Paris, she met Eileen Ford, head of the prestigious Ford Modeling Agency. In 1961 she moved to New York City, but soon returned to Munich. For some time she was with the Stewart Modeling Agency at 405 Park Avenue in New York, where she reigned as the girl with the most covers on the wall inside the agency's entrance. She had also garnered attention when she made a brief five-minute appearance in the 1966 cult film Blow Up by Michelangelo Antonioni.

Countess Vera Maria Elisabeth Marequita Maximiliane Charlotte Luise von Kanitz (1875-1962).

Vera Estelle Cathcart, Countess Cathcart (14 May 1892 – April 1993) was a South African writer and actress. Vera Estelle Fraser was born 14 May 1892 at Cape Town, Cape Colony. She was a daughter of John Fraser of Cape Town In September 1910, Vera married Captain Henry de Grey Warter of Cruckmeole in Shropshire, in London. Before he was killed at the Battle of the Somme in France, they were the parents of two children: After his death, she married George Cathcart, 5th Earl Cathcart, a younger son of Alan Cathcart, 3rd Earl Cathcart and Elizabeth Mary Crompton, on 6 January 1919 in Chelsea, London Before their divorce on 23 February 1922 they had 1 son Her third marriage was to widower and shipbuilding millionaire Sir Rowland Hodge, 1st Baronet on 30 September 1930. Four years after their marriage, Lady Hodge sought a divorce from Sir Rowland but was denied by the court and jury in November 1934