Lcd Qapass 1602A Arduino | Hardware Overview (2024)

Step 5: Code

//LCD1602

//You should now see your LCD1602 display the flowing characters “PRIMEROBOTICS” and “hello, world”

//Email:[emailprotected]

//Website:www.primerobotics.in

#include

// include the library code

/**********************************************************/

char array1[]=” PrimeRobotics “; //the string to print on the LCD

char array2[]=”hello, world! “; //the string to print on the LCD

int tim = 250; //the value of delay time

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(4, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13);

/*********************************************************/

void setup()

lcd.begin(16, 2); // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:

/*********************************************************/

void loop()

lcd.setCursor(15,0); // set the cursor to column 15, line 0

for ( int positionCounter1 = 0; positionCounter1 < 26; positionCounter1++)

lcd.scrollDisplayLeft(); //Scrolls the contents of the display one space to the left.

lcd.print(array1[positionCounter1]); // Print a message to the LCD.

delay(tim); //wait for 250 microseconds

lcd.clear(); //Clears the LCD screen and positions the cursor in the upper-left corner.

lcd.setCursor(15,1); // set the cursor to column 15, line 1

for (int positionCounter2 = 0; positionCounter2 < 26; positionCounter2++)

lcd.scrollDisplayLeft(); //Scrolls the contents of the display one space to the left.

lcd.print(array2[positionCounter2]); // Print a message to the LCD.

delay(tim); //wait for 250 microseconds

lcd.clear(); //Clears the LCD screen and positions the cursor in the upper-left corner.

/**********************************************************/

Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) with Arduino

Find out how to wire an LCD to an Arduino, and how to use the LiquidCrystal library through a set of useful examples.

This article was revised on 2021/11/18 by Karl Söderby.

The LiquidCrystal library allows you to control LCD displays that are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.

The LCDs have a parallel interface, meaning that the microcontroller has to manipulate several interface pins at once to control the display. The interface consists of the following pins:

• A register select (RS) pin that controls where in the LCD’s memory you’re writing data to. You can select either the data register, which holds what goes on the screen, or an instruction register, which is where the LCD’s controller looks for instructions on what to do next.
• A Read/Write (R/W) pin that selects reading mode or writing mode
• An Enable pin that enables writing to the registers
• 8 data pins (D0 -D7). The states of these pins (high or low) are the bits that you’re writing to a register when you write, or the values you’re reading when you read.

There’s also a display contrast pin (Vo), power supply pins (+5V and GND) and LED Backlight (Bklt+ and BKlt-) pins that you can use to power the LCD, control the display contrast, and turn on and off the LED backlight, respectively.

The process of controlling the display involves putting the data that form the image of what you want to display into the data registers, then putting instructions in the instruction register. The LiquidCrystal Library simplifies this for you so you don’t need to know the low-level instructions.

The Hitachi-compatible LCDs can be controlled in two modes: 4-bit or 8-bit. The 4-bit mode requires seven I/O pins from the Arduino, while the 8-bit mode requires 11 pins. For displaying text on the screen, you can do most everything in 4-bit mode, so example shows how to control a 16×2 LCD in 4-bit mode.

Arduino Example Code

The example sketch below prints “Hello World” to the LCD. First, try out the sketch, and then we’ll go over it in detail.


// include the library code: #include // Creates an LCD object. Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7) LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); void setup() { // set up the LCD's number of columns and rows: lcd.begin(16, 2); // Clears the LCD screen lcd.clear(); } void loop() { // Print a message to the LCD. lcd.print(" Hello world!"); // set the cursor to column 0, line 1 // (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0): lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // Print a message to the LCD. lcd.print(" LCD Tutorial"); }

If everything is correct, a “Hello world!” should appear on the display.

Code Explanation:

The sketch begins by including the LiquidCrystal library. This library comes with the Arduino IDE and allows you to control Hitachi HD44780 driver-based LCD displays.


// include the library code: #include


Next, an object of the LiquidCrystal class is created by passing as parameters the pin numbers to which the LCD’s RS, EN, and four data pins are connected.


// Creates an LCD object. Parameters: (rs, enable, d4, d5, d6, d7) LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);


In the setup, two functions are called. The first function is

begin()

. It is used to initialize the interface to the LCD screen and to specify the dimensions (columns and rows) of the display. If you’re using a 16×2 character LCD, you should pass 16 and 2; if you’re using a 20×4 LCD, you should pass 20 and 4.

The second function is

clear()

. This function clears the LCD screen and positions the cursor in the upper-left corner.


lcd.begin(16, 2); lcd.clear();


In the loop, the

print()

function is used to print “Hello world!” to the LCD. Please remember to use quotation marks

" "

around the text. There is no need for quotation marks when printing numbers or variables.


// Print a message to the LCD. lcd.print(" Hello world!");


The function

setCursor()

is then called to move the cursor to the second row. The cursor position specifies where you want the new text to appear on the LCD. It is assumed that the upper left corner is

col=0

and

row=0

.


lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print(" LCD Tutorial");


Step 4: Procedures

Connect K to GND and A to 3.3 V, and then the backlight of the LCD1602 will be turned on. Connect VSS to GND and the LCD1602 to the power source. Connect VO to the middle pin of the potentiometer – with it you can adjust the contrast of the screen display. Connect RS to D4 and R/W pin to GND, which means then you can write characters to the LCD1602. Connect E to pin6 and the characters displayed on the LCD1602 are controlled by D4-D7. For programming, it is optimized by calling function libraries.

Step 1:

Build the circuit.

Step 2:

Download the code from https://github.com/primerobotics/Arduino

Step 3:

Upload the sketch to the Arduino Uno board

Click the Upload icon to upload the code to the control board.

If “Done uploading” appears atthe bottom of the window, it means the sketch has been successfully uploaded.

Note: you may need to adjust the potentiometer on the LCD1602 until it can display clearly.

Introduction: LCD 1602 With Arduino Uno R3

In this lesson, we will learnhow to use an LCD1602 to display characters and strings. LCD1602, or 1602 character-type liquid crystal display, is a kind of dot matrix module to show letters, numbers, and characters and so on. It’s composed of 5×7 or 5×11 dot matrix positions; each position can display one character. There’s a dot pitch between two characters and a space between lines, thus separating characters and lines. The number 1602 means on the display, 2 rows can be showed and 16 characters in each. Now let’s check more details!

Other useful functions of the LiquidCrystal Library

There are many useful functions you can use with LiquidCrystal Object. Some of them are listed below:

• 
lcd.home()

  function positions the cursor in the upper-left of the LCD without clearing the display.
• 
lcd.blink()

  function displays a blinking block of 5×8 pixels at the position to which the next character will be written.
• 
lcd.noBlink()

  function turns off the blinking LCD cursor.
• 
lcd.cursor()

  function displays an underscore (line) at the position to which the next character will be written.
• 
lcd.noCursor()

  function hides the LCD cursor.
• 
lcd.scrollDisplayRight()

  function scrolls the contents of the display one space to the right. If you want the text to scroll continuously, you have to use this function inside a
  
for

  loop.
• 
lcd.scrollDisplayLeft()

  function scrolls the contents of the display one space to the left. Similar to the above function, use this inside a
  
for

  loop for continuous scrolling.
• 
lcd.noDisplay()

  function turns off the LCD display, without losing the text currently shown on it.
• 
lcd.display()

  function turns on the LCD display, after it’s been turned off with
  
noDisplay()

  . This will restore the text (and cursor) that was on the display.

Schematic

Hello World Example

This example sketch prints

to the LCD and shows the time in seconds since the Arduino was reset.

Hello World!


1/*2 LiquidCrystal Library – Hello World34 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal5 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the6 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you7 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.89 This sketch prints “Hello World!” to the LCD10 and shows the time.1112 The circuit:13 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 1214 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 1115 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 516 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 417 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 318 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 219 * LCD R/W pin to ground20 * LCD VSS pin to ground21 * LCD VCC pin to 5V22 * 10K resistor:23 * ends to +5V and ground24 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)2526 Library originally added 18 Apr 200827 by David A. Mellis28 library modified 5 Jul 200929 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)30 example added 9 Jul 200931 by Tom Igoe32 modified 22 Nov 201033 by Tom Igoe34 modified 7 Nov 201635 by Arturo Guadalupi3637 This example code is in the public domain.3839 https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/electronics/lcd-displays4041*/4243// include the library code:44#include 4546// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin47// with the arduino pin number it is connected to48const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;49LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);5051void setup() {52 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:53 lcd.begin(16, 2);54 // Print a message to the LCD.55 lcd.print(“hello, world!”);56}5758void loop() {59 // set the cursor to column 0, line 160 // (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):61 lcd.setCursor(0, 1);62 // print the number of seconds since reset:63 lcd.print(millis() / 1000);64}

Autoscroll Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

autoscroll()


methods to move all the text on the display left or right.

noAutoscroll()


• moves all the text one space to the left each time a letter is added

  
autoscroll()


• turns scrolling off

  
noAutoscroll()


This sketch prints the characters

to

with autoscroll off, then moves the cursor to the bottom right, turns autoscroll on, and prints them again.

1/*23 LiquidCrystal Library – Autoscroll45 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal67 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the89 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you1011 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.1213 This sketch demonstrates the use of the autoscroll()1415 and noAutoscroll() functions to make new text scroll or not.1617 The circuit:1819 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 122021 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 112223 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 52425 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 42627 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 32829 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 23031 * LCD R/W pin to ground3233 * 10K resistor:3435 * ends to +5V and ground3637 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)3839 Library originally added 18 Apr 20084041 by David A. Mellis4243 library modified 5 Jul 20094445 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)4647 example added 9 Jul 20094849 by Tom Igoe5051 modified 22 Nov 20105253 by Tom Igoe5455 modified 7 Nov 20165657 by Arturo Guadalupi5859 This example code is in the public domain.6061 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalAutoscroll6263*/6465// include the library code:66#include 6768// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin69// with the arduino pin number it is connected to7071const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;7273LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);7475void setup() {7677 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:7879 lcd.begin(16, 2);80}8182void loop() {8384 // set the cursor to (0,0):8586 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);8788 // print from 0 to 9:8990 for (int thisChar = 0; thisChar < 10; thisChar++) {9192 lcd.print(thisChar);9394 delay(500);9596 }9798 // set the cursor to (16,1):99100 lcd.setCursor(16, 1);101102 // set the display to automatically scroll:103104 lcd.autoscroll();105106 // print from 0 to 9:107108 for (int thisChar = 0; thisChar < 10; thisChar++) {109110 lcd.print(thisChar);111112 delay(500);113114 }115116 // turn off automatic scrolling117118 lcd.noAutoscroll();119120 // clear screen for the next loop:121122 lcd.clear();123}

Blink Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

blink()


methods to blink a block-style cursor.

noBlink()


1/*23 LiquidCrystal Library – Blink45 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal67 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the89 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you1011 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.1213 This sketch prints “Hello World!” to the LCD and makes the1415 cursor block blink.1617 The circuit:1819 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 122021 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 112223 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 52425 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 42627 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 32829 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 23031 * LCD R/W pin to ground3233 * 10K resistor:3435 * ends to +5V and ground3637 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)3839 Library originally added 18 Apr 20084041 by David A. Mellis4243 library modified 5 Jul 20094445 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)4647 example added 9 Jul 20094849 by Tom Igoe5051 modified 22 Nov 20105253 by Tom Igoe5455 modified 7 Nov 20165657 by Arturo Guadalupi5859 This example code is in the public domain.6061 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalBlink6263*/6465// include the library code:66#include 6768// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin69// with the arduino pin number it is connected to7071const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;7273LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);7475void setup() {7677 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:7879 lcd.begin(16, 2);8081 // Print a message to the LCD.8283 lcd.print(“hello, world!”);84}8586void loop() {8788 // Turn off the blinking cursor:8990 lcd.noBlink();9192 delay(3000);9394 // Turn on the blinking cursor:9596 lcd.blink();9798 delay(3000);99}

Cursor

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

cursor()


methods to control an underscore-style cursor.

noCursor()


1/*23 LiquidCrystal Library – Cursor45 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal67 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the89 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you1011 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.1213 This sketch prints “Hello World!” to the LCD and1415 uses the cursor() and noCursor() methods to turn1617 on and off the cursor.1819 The circuit:2021 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 122223 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 112425 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 52627 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 42829 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 33031 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 23233 * LCD R/W pin to ground3435 * 10K resistor:3637 * ends to +5V and ground3839 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)4041 Library originally added 18 Apr 20084243 by David A. Mellis4445 library modified 5 Jul 20094647 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)4849 example added 9 Jul 20095051 by Tom Igoe5253 modified 22 Nov 20105455 by Tom Igoe5657 modified 7 Nov 20165859 by Arturo Guadalupi6061 This example code is in the public domain.6263 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalCursor6465*/6667// include the library code:68#include 6970// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin71// with the arduino pin number it is connected to7273const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;7475LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);7677void setup() {7879 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:8081 lcd.begin(16, 2);8283 // Print a message to the LCD.8485 lcd.print(“hello, world!”);86}8788void loop() {8990 // Turn off the cursor:9192 lcd.noCursor();9394 delay(500);9596 // Turn on the cursor:9798 lcd.cursor();99100 delay(500);101}

Display Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

display()


methods to turn on and off the display. The text to be displayed will still be preserved when you use noDisplay() so it’s a quick way to blank the display without losing everything on it.

noDisplay()


1/*2 LiquidCrystal Library – display() and noDisplay()34 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal5 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the6 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you7 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.89 This sketch prints “Hello World!” to the LCD and uses the10 display() and noDisplay() functions to turn on and off11 the display.1213 The circuit:14 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 1215 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 1116 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 517 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 418 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 319 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 220 * LCD R/W pin to ground21 * 10K resistor:22 * ends to +5V and ground23 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)2425 Library originally added 18 Apr 200826 by David A. Mellis27 library modified 5 Jul 200928 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)29 example added 9 Jul 200930 by Tom Igoe31 modified 22 Nov 201032 by Tom Igoe33 modified 7 Nov 201634 by Arturo Guadalupi3536 This example code is in the public domain.3738 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalDisplay3940*/4142// include the library code:43#include 4445// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin46// with the arduino pin number it is connected to47const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;48LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);4950void setup() {51 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:52 lcd.begin(16, 2);53 // Print a message to the LCD.54 lcd.print(“hello, world!”);55}5657void loop() {58 // Turn off the display:59 lcd.noDisplay();60 delay(500);61 // Turn on the display:62 lcd.display();63 delay(500);64}

Scroll Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

scrollDisplayLeft()


methods to reverse the direction the text is flowing. It prints “Hello World!”, scrolls it offscreen to the left, then offscreen to the right, then back to home.

scrollDisplayRight()


1/*2 LiquidCrystal Library – scrollDisplayLeft() and scrollDisplayRight()34 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal5 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the6 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you7 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.89 This sketch prints “Hello World!” to the LCD and uses the10 scrollDisplayLeft() and scrollDisplayRight() methods to scroll11 the text.1213 The circuit:14 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 1215 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 1116 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 517 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 418 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 319 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 220 * LCD R/W pin to ground21 * 10K resistor:22 * ends to +5V and ground23 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)2425 Library originally added 18 Apr 200826 by David A. Mellis27 library modified 5 Jul 200928 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)29 example added 9 Jul 200930 by Tom Igoe31 modified 22 Nov 201032 by Tom Igoe33 modified 7 Nov 201634 by Arturo Guadalupi3536 This example code is in the public domain.3738 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalScroll3940*/4142// include the library code:43#include 4445// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin46// with the arduino pin number it is connected to47const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;48LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);4950void setup() {51 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:52 lcd.begin(16, 2);53 // Print a message to the LCD.54 lcd.print(“hello, world!”);55 delay(1000);56}5758void loop() {59 // scroll 13 positions (string length) to the left60 // to move it offscreen left:61 for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter < 13; positionCounter++) {62 // scroll one position left:63 lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();64 // wait a bit:65 delay(150);66 }6768 // scroll 29 positions (string length + display length) to the right69 // to move it offscreen right:70 for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter < 29; positionCounter++) {71 // scroll one position right:72 lcd.scrollDisplayRight();73 // wait a bit:74 delay(150);75 }7677 // scroll 16 positions (display length + string length) to the left78 // to move it back to center:79 for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter < 16; positionCounter++) {80 // scroll one position left:81 lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();82 // wait a bit:83 delay(150);84 }8586 // delay at the end of the full loop:87 delay(1000);8889}

Serial to Display Example

This example sketch accepts serial input from a host computer and displays it on the LCD. To use it, upload the sketch, then open the Serial Monitor and type some characters and click Send. The text will appear on your LCD.

1/*2 LiquidCrystal Library – Serial Input34 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal5 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the6 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you7 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.89 This sketch displays text sent over the serial port10 (e.g. from the Serial Monitor) on an attached LCD.1112 The circuit:13 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 1214 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 1115 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 516 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 417 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 318 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 219 * LCD R/W pin to ground20 * 10K resistor:21 * ends to +5V and ground22 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)2324 Library originally added 18 Apr 200825 by David A. Mellis26 library modified 5 Jul 200927 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)28 example added 9 Jul 200929 by Tom Igoe30 modified 22 Nov 201031 by Tom Igoe32 modified 7 Nov 201633 by Arturo Guadalupi3435 This example code is in the public domain.3637 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalSerialDisplay3839*/4041// include the library code:42#include 4344// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin45// with the arduino pin number it is connected to46const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;47LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);4849void setup() {50 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:51 lcd.begin(16, 2);52 // initialize the serial communications:53 Serial.begin(9600);54}5556void loop() {57 // when characters arrive over the serial port…58 if (Serial.available()) {59 // wait a bit for the entire message to arrive60 delay(100);61 // clear the screen62 lcd.clear();63 // read all the available characters64 while (Serial.available() > 0) {65 // display each character to the LCD66 lcd.write(Serial.read());67 }68 }69}

Set Cursor Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

method to reposition the cursor. To move the cursor, just call

setCursor()


with a row and column position. For example, for a 2×16 display:

setCursor()


1lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // top left2lcd.setCursor(15, 0); // top right3lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // bottom left4lcd.setCursor(15, 1); // bottom right

Here is the full example:

1/*23 LiquidCrystal Library – setCursor45 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal67 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the89 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you1011 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.1213 This sketch prints to all the positions of the LCD using the1415 setCursor() method:1617 The circuit:1819 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 122021 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 112223 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 52425 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 42627 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 32829 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 23031 * LCD R/W pin to ground3233 * 10K resistor:3435 * ends to +5V and ground3637 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)3839 Library originally added 18 Apr 20084041 by David A. Mellis4243 library modified 5 Jul 20094445 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)4647 example added 9 Jul 20094849 by Tom Igoe5051 modified 22 Nov 20105253 by Tom Igoe5455 modified 7 Nov 20165657 by Arturo Guadalupi5859 This example code is in the public domain.6061 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalSetCursor6263*/6465// include the library code:66#include 6768// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin69// with the arduino pin number it is connected to7071const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;7273LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);7475// these constants won’t change. But you can change the size of76// your LCD using them:7778const int numRows = 2;7980const int numCols = 16;8182void setup() {8384 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:8586 lcd.begin(numCols, numRows);87}8889void loop() {9091 // loop from ASCII ‘a’ to ASCII ‘z’:9293 for (int thisLetter = ‘a’; thisLetter <= ‘z’; thisLetter++) {9495 // loop over the columns:9697 for (int thisRow = 0; thisRow < numRows; thisRow++) {9899 // loop over the rows:100101 for (int thisCol = 0; thisCol < numCols; thisCol++) {102103 // set the cursor position:104105 lcd.setCursor(thisCol, thisRow);106107 // print the letter:108109 lcd.write(thisLetter);110111 delay(200);112113 }114115 }116117 }118}

Text Direction Example

This example sketch shows how to use the

and

leftToRight()


methods. These methods control which way text flows from the cursor.

rightToLeft()


• causes text to flow to the left from the cursor, as if the display is right-justified.

  
rightToLeft()


• causes text to flow to the right from the cursor, as if the display is left-justified.

  
leftToRight()


This sketch prints

through

right to left, then

through

left to right, then

through

right to left again.

1/*23 LiquidCrystal Library – TextDirection45 Demonstrates the use a 16×2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal67 library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the89 Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you1011 can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.1213 This sketch demonstrates how to use leftToRight() and rightToLeft()1415 to move the cursor.1617 The circuit:1819 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 122021 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 112223 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 52425 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 42627 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 32829 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 23031 * LCD R/W pin to ground3233 * 10K resistor:3435 * ends to +5V and ground3637 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)3839 Library originally added 18 Apr 20084041 by David A. Mellis4243 library modified 5 Jul 20094445 by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)4647 example added 9 Jul 20094849 by Tom Igoe5051 modified 22 Nov 20105253 by Tom Igoe5455 modified 7 Nov 20165657 by Arturo Guadalupi5859 This example code is in the public domain.6061 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalTextDirection6263*/6465// include the library code:66#include 6768// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin69// with the arduino pin number it is connected to7071const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;7273LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);7475int thisChar = ‘a’;7677void setup() {7879 // set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:8081 lcd.begin(16, 2);8283 // turn on the cursor:8485 lcd.cursor();86}8788void loop() {8990 // reverse directions at ‘m’:9192 if (thisChar == ‘m’) {9394 // go right for the next letter9596 lcd.rightToLeft();9798 }99100 // reverse again at ‘s’:101102 if (thisChar == ‘s’) {103104 // go left for the next letter105106 lcd.leftToRight();107108 }109110 // reset at ‘z’:111112 if (thisChar > ‘z’) {113114 // go to (0,0):115116 lcd.home();117118 // start again at 0119120 thisChar = ‘a’;121122 }123124 // print the character125126 lcd.write(thisChar);127128 // wait a second:129130 delay(1000);131132 // increment the letter:133134 thisChar++;135}

Custom Character

This example demonstrates how to add custom characters on an LCD display.

Note that this example requires an additional potentiometer:

• Outer pins connected to 5V and GND.
• Inner pin (wiper) connected to A0.

This potentiometer controls the

variable.

delayTime


1/*2 LiquidCrystal Library – Custom Characters34 Demonstrates how to add custom characters on an LCD display.5 The LiquidCrystal library works with all LCD displays that are6 compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of7 them out there, and you can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.89 This sketch prints “I

Arduino!” and a little dancing man10 to the LCD.1112 The circuit:13 * LCD RS pin to digital pin 1214 * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 1115 * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 516 * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 417 * LCD D6 pin to digital pin 318 * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 219 * LCD R/W pin to ground20 * 10K potentiometer:21 * ends to +5V and ground22 * wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)23 * 10K poterntiometer on pin A02425 created 21 Mar 201126 by Tom Igoe27 modified 11 Nov 201328 by Scott Fitzgerald29 modified 7 Nov 201630 by Arturo Guadalupi3132 Based on Adafruit’s example at33 https://github.com/adafruit/SPI_VFD/blob/master/examples/createChar/createChar.pde3435 This example code is in the public domain.36 https://docs.arduino.cc/learn/electronics/lcd-displays#custom-character3738 Also useful:39 http://icontexto.com/charactercreator/4041*/4243// include the library code:44#include 4546// initialize the library by associating any needed LCD interface pin47// with the arduino pin number it is connected to48const int rs = 12, en = 11, d4 = 5, d5 = 4, d6 = 3, d7 = 2;49LiquidCrystal lcd(rs, en, d4, d5, d6, d7);5051// make some custom characters:52byte heart[8] = {53 0b00000,54 0b01010,55 0b11111,56 0b11111,57 0b11111,58 0b01110,59 0b00100,60 0b0000061};6263byte smiley[8] = {64 0b00000,65 0b00000,66 0b01010,67 0b00000,68 0b00000,69 0b10001,70 0b01110,71 0b0000072};7374byte frownie[8] = {75 0b00000,76 0b00000,77 0b01010,78 0b00000,79 0b00000,80 0b00000,81 0b01110,82 0b1000183};8485byte armsDown[8] = {86 0b00100,87 0b01010,88 0b00100,89 0b00100,90 0b01110,91 0b10101,92 0b00100,93 0b0101094};9596byte armsUp[8] = {97 0b00100,98 0b01010,99 0b00100,100 0b10101,101 0b01110,102 0b00100,103 0b00100,104 0b01010105};106107void setup() {108 // initialize LCD and set up the number of columns and rows:109 lcd.begin(16, 2);110111 // create a new character112 lcd.createChar(0, heart);113 // create a new character114 lcd.createChar(1, smiley);115 // create a new character116 lcd.createChar(2, frownie);117 // create a new character118 lcd.createChar(3, armsDown);119 // create a new character120 lcd.createChar(4, armsUp);121122 // set the cursor to the top left123 lcd.setCursor(0, 0);124125 // Print a message to the lcd.126 lcd.print(“I “);127 lcd.write(byte(0)); // when calling lcd.write() ‘0’ must be cast as a byte128 lcd.print(” Arduino! “);129 lcd.write((byte)1);130131}132133void loop() {134 // read the potentiometer on A0:135 int sensorReading = analogRead(A0);136 // map the result to 200 – 1000:137 int delayTime = map(sensorReading, 0, 1023, 200, 1000);138 // set the cursor to the bottom row, 5th position:139 lcd.setCursor(4, 1);140 // draw the little man, arms down:141 lcd.write(3);142 delay(delayTime);143 lcd.setCursor(4, 1);144 // draw him arms up:145 lcd.write(4);146 delay(delayTime);147}

Suggested changes

The content on docs.arduino.cc is facilitated through a public GitHub repository. You can read more on how to contribute in the contribution policy.

License

The Arduino documentation is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 license.

I’m using a Qapass 1602A LCD screen for a arduino project to display something. When wiring up the screen the text in the code won’t show and the backlight is the only visible thing showing to know if it’s working, thank you!

Code:

#include // initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
// set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print(“hello, world!”);
}
void loop() {
// Turn off the blinking cursor:
lcd.noBlink();
delay(3000);
// Turn on the blinking cursor:
lcd.blink();
delay(3000);
}

My wiring:

LCD RS pin to digital pin 12
LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11
LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
LCD R/W pin to ground
LCD A pin 15 to Power 3.3V
LCD K pin 16 to GND
LCD VSS pin 1 to GND
LCD VDD pin 2 to Power 5V

More Information:

All the Pins on the LCD

VSS, VDD, VO, RS, RW, E, DO, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, A, K

Yes I do have the Elegoo tutorial I just want it to appear Hello World! for testing. Also is there a way to directly connect this with jumper wires to Arduino and without 10k resistor or potenciometer, thank you for answering!

#include // initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);
void setup() {
// set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:
lcd.begin(16, 2);
// Print a message to the LCD.
lcd.print(“hello, world!”);
}
void loop() {
// set the cursor to column 0, line 1
// (note: line 1 is the second row, since counting begins with 0):
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
// print the number of seconds since reset:
lcd.print(millis() / 1000);
}

Thanks for the help, I see what you mean with the potenciometer I just wanted no extra parts far as breadboards so I could move it around not stay in place. I will use a potenciometer or another type of screen thanks for everything!

If you do not have a potentiometer, just connect pin#3 (VO) directly to GND. This should give you a readable display.
Or try a 470R between VO and GND. Experiment with 0R, 220R, 470R, 680R and choose the best contrast.

Oh, if you ever want to buy a new 16×2, the I2C versions are cheap, work well, use less wires, …

Yes it came with potenciometers but I couldn’t find one. Also my LCD screen went back to only showing the white blocks and I can’t upload code to the Arduino anymore as well, can anyone help me I really need the help.

You have, at your disposal, a kit with a 200+ pages tutorial, at least 120 resistors and at least 2 potenciometer… “I couldn’t find one” is no excuse… look for them, buy them, ask for them. Salvaging electronics parts is no good (what range was the potenciometer you salvaged?). Messing with wires is even worse: just a few second of short circuiting will fry your board and your display.

Please FOLLOW THE TUTORIAL, LESSON 22, just once.

Btw, hoping that you din’t make any irreparable mistake, please explain what you mean by “you can’t upload the code”.
Does Arduino IDE recognize the board?
Does the board’s led blink when on?
Do you get any error message?
Is the cable connected in the correct port?

You ask, ask, ask for help, but it seems to me you are doing everything in your power in order to NOT HAVE a working project.

Step202:
Yes it came with potenciometers but I couldn’t find one. Also my LCD screen went back to only showing the white blocks and I can’t upload code to the Arduino anymore as well, can anyone help me I really need the help.

If possible…… buy a few of these lcd modules. If you accidentally damage one….. or if you suspect damage…. then at least you have plan B.

I have used an elegoo board with 16×2 before as well, with the same code and it failed to work. by switching the same circuit to another board I got everything to work perfectly. The elegoo board could be at fault, but this is only a sample size of 2 so don’t jump to conclusions.

This article gives you a step-by-step guide to becoming a pro in using Liquid Crystal Display. We will use a free Arduino Simulator to try all the examples without leaving your PC. No hardware is needed.

Important Links

Wokwi Arduino Simulator – https://wokwi.com

Documentation on LCD – https://docs.wokwi.com/parts/wokwi-lcd1602

Facebook group to seek support on the Arduino Simulator – https://docs.wokwi.com/parts/wokwi-lcd1602

What is an LCD?

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. The very commonly used LCD type is 16×2 LCD, and it has two rows and 16 columns.

Here is the table with the LCD pin description. This will help you understand and debug the project later in an intelligent way.

You will also find LCDs with an I2C interface. Fewer Pins will lead to easier connection—less messy wires.

So, based on the LCD, you will have to tell the Arduino UNO which type of LCD you are using. You will see this in the sections later.

The LCD1602 uses the Hitachi HD44780 LCD controller chip. The chip comes with a built-in font and the ability to define up to 8 custom characters.

There are two versions of the chip’s ROM with two different fonts: HD44780UA00, Japanese katakana characters, and HD44780UA02, which includes Western European characters.

Wokwi simulates the HD44780UA00 variant. It has a total of 256 characters:

You can see that the first eight characters are user-defined. It allows you to create custom shapes and store them. You will see how to create custom characters and load them in your following Arduino projects. Let us start with a basic example.

Example 1 – Basic example with LCD “Hello World” Example on I2C interface

We will print a simple text on the LCD using Arduino UNO in this example. In this case, you control what is displayed on the Arduino readily. You only need four cables. Power, Ground, I2C data, and I2C clock.

Here is the code


/* Hello Wokwi! */

#include LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 20, 4);void setup() {lcd.init();lcd.backlight();lcd.setCursor(1, 0);lcd.print(“Hello, Wokwi!”);}void loop() {}

Connection diagram: LCD and Arduino UNO

Project link: https://wokwi.com/projects/325996799788581459

Use the link above to run the code. You can tinker with the code to change the text displayed or the position. The best thing about the link is that it will save the project as your version. It will be automatically saved under my projects tab on the wokwi site if you are logged in.

Let us take a minute and see the code line by line. Let me try to explain the purpose of each code one by one.

The below line code adds the LCD library to your project. This consists of all the LCD-related functions. Since we are using the I2C version, we have included the standard LCD library made for the I2C version.


#include


Below, we are creating an object called LCD. We pass the I2C address, the number of columns, and the number of rows.

Can you let me know the parameters in the comments if we want to use an LCD2004 instead of LCD1602?


LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);


The following line of the code resets and initializes all the LCD registers and prepares them for project usage. This function will be called only once in the

setup()

function.


lcd.init();


To turn on the backlight, you can use the below code. You will be able to see the contents of the display without a backlight, too, if it is a green LCD. Backlight, nevertheless, makes the project more beautiful and reading crisper.


lcd.backlight();


You can mention where the characters should be displayed. You can always use the below function to set/reset the cursor position. This function will be beneficial when you have to display time or a counter that demands the cursor to always be in the same position.

The first parameter tells the position column-wise ( indicated first place, indicates the second place, and so on). The second parameter tells the row number. We have only two rows ( and ).


lcd.setCursor(1, 0);


The last thing to be seen is the below line, where we actually send a message. In this case a string

Hello, Wokwi

is sent!


lcd.print("Hello, Wokwi!");


This completes a basic introduction to the LCD as well as an example project to start the LCD exploration. In the coming sections, we will see different projects as soon as possible 🚧

Example 2 – Basic example with LCD “Hello World” Example on Parallel interface

You will often see the LCD1602 interface connected with Arduino UNO. Here you will use a few control lines, and 4 data lines for communication.

Here is the example connection diagram

• Arduino
  
PIN.7

  -> D7
• Arduino
  
PIN.8

  -> D6
• Arduino
  
PIN.9

  -> D5
• Arduino
  
PIN.10

  -> D4
• Arduino
  
PIN.11

  -> E
• Arduino
  
PIN.GND

  -> RW
• Arduino
  
PIN.5V

  -> RS

Code


// LCD1602 to Arduino Uno connection example

#include LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7);void setup() {lcd.begin(16, 2);// you can now interact with the LCD, e.g.:lcd.print(“Hello World!”);}void loop() {// …}

I am sure you have noticed the differences. The LCD library file you include is now different since we are no more using the I2C interface.

another difference is the constructor parameters you send. This time, you have to send 6 numbers, representing control and data lines as depicted in the pin list above.

Simulation link: https://wokwi.com/projects/294342288335700490

Example 3 – Creating user-defined characters in LCD1602, easy way

Creating custom characters on the LCD is easy. In this example, you will see how to create a character in the shape of a heart.

Project link: https://wokwi.com/projects/294395602645549578

Code:


// LCD1602 custom characters example

#include LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7);uint8_t heart[8] = {0b00000,0b01010,0b11111,0b11111,0b11111,0b01110,0b00100,0b00000,};void setup() {lcd.createChar(3, heart);lcd.begin(16, 2);lcd.print(” I \x03 Arduino”);}void loop() { }

To create a symbol, you have to define an array with 8 numbers. Basically, you will define which pixels will be lit and which pixels will not be in the array.

Let us see some examples.

Heart shape example

The first line is empty.. so it can be defined as

00000

in binary. The second line will be built using

01010

. The third line will be all ones

11111

I hope you got the idea now. You can compare again the binary values above in the code.

Box shape


uint8_t heart[8] = {

0b11111,0b10001,0b10001,0b10001,0b10001,0b10001,0b10001,0b11111,};

an animation for any future projects (think some games!)

In the following sections, we will see more exciting LCD projects

Example 4 – Working with LCD2004 and Arduino UNO (with some simple animation)

In this project, you will see how to use an LCD2004 module. LCD2004 has 4 rows and 20 columns. The basic function names and constructor pattern remains the same.

You might have even come across the blue color LCD2004 module. It might look something similar to this.

Here is one link: https://wokwi.com/projects/294590769009787402

You can get access to the code and the connection diagram in the link above.

here is how the animation looks!

Simulation link: https://wokwi.com/projects/326034190442168916

Simulation output:

To be continued 😉

To display text on an I2C LCD 1602A display with Arduino, you will need to connect the display to your Arduino board, install the necessary libraries, and write code to control the display.

Here are the basic steps to get started:

In this tutorial we will see how to display text in an LCD display with Arduino.

Arduino UNO

The Arduino UNO is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It is the most popular and widely used board among the Arduino boards.

The Arduino UNO can be programmed using the Arduino programming language, which is based on C++. It uses a simple and intuitive programming environment, making it easy for beginners to get started with microcontroller programming.

The Arduino UNO can be connected to various sensors and actuators to control different devices and perform different tasks. For example, it can be used to control motors, read data from sensors, display information on an LCD screen, and communicate with other devices via serial communication protocols such as I2C and SPI.

The Arduino UNO can also be powered by a USB cable or an external power supply, making it easy to use in a wide range of projects and applications. It’s compatible with a wide range of shields (expansion boards) that adds functionality to the board, such as Ethernet, WiFi, and Bluetooth, and it’s widely supported by a strong and active community, which provides a lot of tutorials, examples and libraries to help users to get the most of the board.

LCD I2C 160A display

An LCD I2C 160A display is a type of liquid crystal display (LCD) that uses the I2C communication protocol and has a screen size of 160×128 pixels. The I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) protocol is a communication protocol that allows multiple devices to communicate with each other over a shared bus. This means that the LCD display can be connected to a microcontroller, such as an Arduino, using just two wires for communication and power.

The I2C interface allows for a simpler wiring and board design, and also multiple LCD can be connected to a single microcontroller by just changing the I2C address of each display. The size of 160×128 pixels provides a decent resolution for displaying text, images or graphics.

This type of LCD display can be used in various projects such as in home automation, weather station, data logger, etc. It’s also compatible with many development board like Raspberry Pi, Arduino, etc.

connecting wires

Connecting wires are used to connect various components in an electronic circuit. They allow for the transfer of electricity, data, or signals between different devices and components.

When connecting wires to an Arduino or other microcontroller, it is important to pay attention to the correct pinout. The pinout refers to the arrangement of pins on the microcontroller and the corresponding function of each pin. The Arduino pinout can be found in the documentation provided by the manufacturer, or in various resources available online.

To complete the assembly you must connect:

Here is the program to display text on the LCD display.

Note: You must download the LiquidCrystal_I2C library(Download).

Thanks to my father who informed me about this weblog, this blog is in fact remarkable.

What’s up, I desire to subscribe for this website to obtain most recent updates, so where can i do it please help.

You’re so interesting! I do not think I have read something like this before. So good to discover somebody with some original thoughts on this issue. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that’s needed on the web, someone with a bit of originality!

Pretty component of content. I simply stumbled upon your web site and in accession capital to claim that I get in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing for your feeds and even I achievement you get admission to constantly fast.

Someone necessarily lend a hand to make critically posts I might state. That is the very first time I frequented your web page and up to now? I surprised with the analysis you made to create this actual put up extraordinary. Magnificent job!

Hi, always i used to check blog posts here early in the break of day, because i love to gain knowledge of more and more.

Today, while I was at work, my cousin stole my apple ipad and tested to see if it can survive a 40 foot drop, just so she can be a youtube sensation. My apple ipad is now broken and she has 83 views. I know this is totally off topic but I had to share it with someone!

Oh yeah! I learned so much from John. I hope he will be my guest again in the future.

Hi there just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The words in your article seem to be running off the screen in Opera. I’m not sure if this is a formatting issue or something to do with web browser compatibility but I thought I’d post to let you know. The design look great though! Hope you get the issue fixed soon. Cheers

It’s awesome to pay a visit this web page and reading the views of all colleagues about this paragraph, while I am also zealous of getting knowledge.

I all the time emailed this webpage post page to all my friends, because if like to read it then my friends will too.

Asking questions are in fact pleasant thing if you are not understanding something completely, but this piece of writing presents good understanding yet.

Hello there, I discovered your site by means of Google while searching for a similar matter, your website came up, it looks great. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks. Hello there, just became aware of your weblog via Google, and found that it is truly informative. I’m gonna watch out for brussels. I’ll be grateful for those who continue this in future. Lots of people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I’ve really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again very soon!

I think this is one of the most vital information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is great, the articles is really excellent : D. Good job, cheers

This piece of writing will help the internet viewers for setting up new webpage or even a blog from start to end.

I have read so many posts concerning the blogger lovers however this article is genuinely a nice post, keep it up.

It’s not my first time to go to see this web site, i am browsing this web site dailly and take good information from here all the time.

Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you writing this article plus the rest of the website is also very good.

I was wondering if you ever thought of changing the layout of your blog? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having one or 2 images. Maybe you could space it out better?

That is really fascinating, You’re a very professional blogger. I have joined your rss feed and stay up for seeking more of your magnificent post. Additionally, I’ve shared your web site in my social networks

Whenn soe one searches forr his required thing, sso he/she desaires tto bbe available that iin detail, theefore that thing iss maintained ovfer here.

Hello there, just became alert to your blog through Google, and found that it’s truly informative. I am going to watch out for brussels. I will be grateful if you continue this in future. Many people will be benefited from your writing. Cheers!

Everything is very open with a clear explanation of the issues. It was definitely informative. Your site is useful. Many thanks for sharing!

An impressive share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a coworker who was doing a little research on this. And he in fact bought me lunch due to the fact that I found it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending some time to talk about this matter here on your website.

Wow, this paragraph is nice, my sister is analyzing these things, therefore I am going to tell her.

It’s in fact very complex in this busy life to listen news on TV, therefore I simply use internet for that reason, and take the newest news.

What’s Taking place i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve discovered It positively helpful and it has aided me out loads. I am hoping to contribute & help different users like its helped me. Good job.

After I initially commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Perhaps there is a way you are able to remove me from that service? Cheers!

Great post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am inspired! Very helpful information particularly the ultimate part 🙂 I care for such information much. I used to be looking for this certain info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.

It’s very trouble-free to find out any topic on web as compared to books, as I found this post at this site.

Do you mind if I quote a few of your articles as long as I provide credit and sources back to your website? My blog is in the exact same niche as yours and my users would certainly benefit from some of the information you provide here. Please let me know if this okay with you. Regards!

You actually make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and extremely broad for me. I’m looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!

It’s awesome in favor of me to have a web site, which is good for my experience. thanks admin

Every weekend i used to pay a visit this site, for the reason that i want enjoyment, since this this web page conations genuinely fastidious funny material too.

Great info. Lucky me I discovered your website by accident (stumbleupon). I have saved as a favorite for later!

It’s actually a nice and helpful piece of info. I’m glad that you simply shared this helpful info with us. Please keep us informed like this. Thanks for sharing.

That is really fascinating, You are an excessively professional blogger. I’ve joined your feed and look ahead to in search of more of your great post. Also, I’ve shared your web site in my social networks

Generally I do not read post on blogs, but I would like to say that this write-up very forced me to take a look at and do it! Your writing style has been amazed me. Thank you, quite nice article.

Remarkable! Itss genuinely amazing article, I have ggot much clsar idea avout freom this piwce off writing.

Simply want to say your article is as astonishing. The clarity for your put up is just cool and i can suppose you’re knowledgeable in this subject. Fine together with your permission allow me to grasp your feed to stay up to date with forthcoming post. Thanks one million and please keep up the rewarding work.

Everyone loves what you guys are usually up too. This sort of clever work and exposure! Keep up the wonderful works guys I’ve added you guys to my personal blogroll.

Hi, i think that i saw you visited my web site thus i came to “return the favor”.I am attempting to find things to improve my web site!I suppose its ok to use a few of your ideas!!

I always used to study article in news papers but now as I am a user of internet therefore from now I am using net for posts, thanks to web.

Have you ever considered publishing an ebook or guest authoring on other sites? I have a blog based upon on the same subjects you discuss and would love to have you share some stories/information. I know my subscribers would enjoy your work. If you’re even remotely interested, feel free to shoot me an e-mail.

Hey! Do you know if they make any plugins to safeguard against hackers? I’m kinda paranoid about losing everything I’ve worked hard on. Any recommendations?

For newest information you have to pay a quick visit the web and on web I found this website as a finest site for most up-to-date updates.

Goood day! I coild hqve sworn I’ve been to thiss site before but after reaading through somne of the post I realize it’s neww tto me. Anyhow, I’m definitely gpad I fiund iit aand I’ll be bookmarking and chercking back often!

I’m really loving the theme/design of your website. Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility problems? A couple of my blog audience have complained about my website not operating correctly in Explorer but looks great in Opera. Do you have any suggestions to help fix this issue?

An outstanding share! I’ve just forwarded this onto a colleague who had been doing a little research on this. And he actually bought me breakfast because I discovered it for him… lol. So let me reword this…. Thanks for the meal!! But yeah, thanx for spending the time to discuss this topic here on your site.

Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this website. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very hard to get that “perfect balance” between user friendliness and appearance. I must say you’ve done a awesome job with this. In addition, the blog loads very quick for me on Safari. Superb Blog!

Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wished to say that I’ve really enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. In any case I’ll be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!

Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was wondering your situation; we have created some nice methods and we are looking to trade techniques with others, be sure to shoot me an email if interested.

Hello, the whole thing is going sound here and ofcourse every one is sharing facts, that’s genuinely excellent, keep up writing.

Hi! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest writing a blog post or vice-versa? My blog goes over a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you happen to be interested feel free to shoot me an e-mail. I look forward to hearing from you! Excellent blog by the way!

Very nice post. I just stumbled upon your weblog and wanted to say that I have truly enjoyed surfing around your blog posts. After all I will be subscribing to your rss feed and I hope you write again very soon!

I used to be recommended this blog by means of my cousin. I am no longer certain whether this publish is written by way of him as nobody else realize such special about my trouble. You’re wonderful! Thanks!

I was curious if you ever thought of changing the layout of your website? Its very well written; I love what youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or 2 pictures. Maybe you could space it out better?

each time i used to read smaller articles which also clear their motive, and that is also happening with this post which I am reading at this time.

I go to see day-to-day some web sites and sites to read content, but this webpage presents quality based posts.

Can I simply just say what a comfort to find someone that really knows what they’re talking about over the internet. You certainly realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people have to read this and understand this side of your story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular because you definitely possess the gift.

I am now not sure the place you’re getting your information, but good topic. I needs to spend some time finding out much more or working out more. Thank you for fantastic information I used to be on the lookout for this information for my mission.

Hi, I read your blogs like every week. Your humoristic style is awesome, keep up the good work!

It’s in fact very complicated in this busy life to listen news on TV, so I simply use the web for that purpose, and take the hottest news.

Hello to every body, it’s my first visit of this webpage; this weblog consists of remarkable and in fact excellent material designed for readers.

This is realy interesting, Yoou are a very skilled blogger. I’ve joined your rrss feed and lolk forward to seeking more oof your excellent post. Also, I’ve shared your wweb site in my socisl networks!

What’s up all, here every person is sharing such familiarity, so it’s pleasant to read this webpage, and I used to visit this webpage everyday.

Hello it’s me, I am also visiting this site regularly, this site is genuinely nice and the viewers are really sharing pleasant thoughts.

of course like your web site but you need to take a look at the spelling on several of your posts. A number of them are rife with spelling issues and I to find it very troublesome to tell the reality then again I will certainly come again again.

aall the time i used too read saller articles or reviews which aas well clear thei motive, and that is allso happening with tbis piece of writing which I am reading at this place.

Thesae aare actually impreswive ideas iin aboutt blogging. You havfe touched some pleasant factors here. Anny wayy eep up wrinting.

I’ve beedn surfng online moree tha 3 hours today, yet I never found any interesting article like yours. It’s prestty wortfh enbough for me. In my view, if all sitge owneres aand bloggers made good content aas yyou did, the weeb will be much mode usedul than ever before.

I’m not sure where you are getting your info, but great topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more. Thanks for excellent info I was looking for this info for my mission.

Right away I am going to do my breakfast, afterward having my breakfast coming again to read other news.

Great blog here! Also your website loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as fast as yours lol

Aw, this was an incredibly good post. Taking the time and actual effort to produce a top notch article… but what can I say… I hesitate a whole lot and never seem to get nearly anything done.

Hi there, just wanted to say, I liked this article. It was helpful. Keep on posting!

Hi, I think your website might be having browser compatibility issues. When I look at your website in Chrome, it looks fine but when opening in Internet Explorer, it has some overlapping. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Other then that, wonderful blog!

I like reading through a post that can make men and women think. Also, many thanks for allowing me to comment!

Hi to every one, it’s genuinely a nice for me to pay a visit this website, it consists of helpful Information.

I am really impressed together with your writing talents and also with the format to your weblog. Is this a paid topic or did you modify it yourself? Either way stay up the nice high quality writing, it’s uncommon to look a nice blog like this one today..

Woah! I’m really loving the template/theme of this blog. It’s simple, yet effective. A lot of times it’s very difficult to get that “perfect balance” between usability and appearance. I must say that you’ve done a great job with this. In addition, the blog loads very fast for me on Opera. Excellent Blog!

Wonderful goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff previous to and you’re just too excellent. I actually like what you’ve acquired here, certainly like what you are stating and the way in which you say it. You make it enjoyable and you still care for to keep it wise. I can’t wait to read much more from you. This is really a wonderful site.

alll thee time i used too read smaller content that ass well clear their motive, annd hat iss aalso happedning ith thiis piece off writing which I aam reading att this time.

I һave been surfing on-line ցreater than three hours today, үet I by no means found any interesting ɑrticle liкe yours. It is lovely worth sufficient for me. Personally, if all site owners and bloggers made excellent cօntent materіal as you ⲣrobably did, the internet shaⅼl be a lot more helpful thɑn еver before.

Spot on with this write-up, I absolutely feel this website needs far more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read more, thanks for the information!

I think the admin of this site is truly working hard in favor of his web site, for the reason that here every information is quality based material.

Hi there! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I genuinely enjoy reading through your blog posts. Can you recommend any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same subjects? Many thanks!

Hey would you mind sharing which blog platform you’re working with? I’m looking to start my own blog in the near future but I’m having a hard time choosing between BlogEngine/Wordpress/B2evolution and Drupal. The reason I ask is because your design seems different then most blogs and I’m looking for something completely unique. P.S My apologies for getting off-topic but I had to ask!

I seriously love your website.. Great colors & theme. Did you build this web site yourself? Please reply back as I’m wanting to create my own site and would love to find out where you got this from or exactly what the theme is named. Many thanks!

Have you ever considered about including a little bit more than just your articles? I mean, what you say is fundamental and all. Nevertheless think of if you added some great photos or videos to give your posts more, “pop”! Your content is excellent but with pics and videos, this website could definitely be one of the greatest in its niche. Good blog!

I think everything composed was actually very logical. But, what about this? what if you wrote a catchier title? I mean, I don’t wish to tell you how to run your website, however suppose you added something that makes people want more? I mean Display text on the I2C LCD 1602A display with Arduino is a little boring. You could peek at Yahoo’s front page and note how they create article titles to grab viewers to click. You might add a related video or a related picture or two to grab people excited about what you’ve written. Just my opinion, it might bring your posts a little bit more interesting.

Having read this I believed it was extremely enlightening. I appreciate you taking the time and effort to put this content together. I once again find myself personally spending way too much time both reading and leaving comments. But so what, it was still worth it!

Hi my friend! I want to say that this article is amazing, nice written and come with approximately all significant infos. I’d like to peer extra posts like this .

I need to to thank you for this wonderful read!! I definitely loved every little bit of it. I’ve got you bookmarked to look at new things you post…

I visited several sites except the audio quality for audio songs existing at this web site is genuinely excellent.

This is my first time go to see at here and i am genuinely happy to read all at single place.

Heya! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new iphone 4! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Keep up the outstanding work!

Great post. I was checkіng continuously this weblօg аnd I’m impressed! Very useful information specifically the ultimate phase 🙂 I maintain such information a lot. I was looking for this paｒticular information for a very lengthy time. Tһanks and best of luck.

Are you writing the articles in your website yourself or you outsource them? I am a blogger and having difficulty with content. Other bloggers told me I should use an AI content writer, they are actually pretty good. Here is a sample article some bloggers shared with me.

Hi, I do believe your blog might be having web browser compatibility problems. When I take a look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine however when opening in I.E., it has some overlapping issues. I merely wanted to give you a quick heads up! Apart from that, excellent site!

Wonderful blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News. Do you have any tips on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Thank you

I’m not that much of a online reader to be honest but your sites really nice, keep it up! I’ll go ahead and bookmark your site to come back later on. All the best

Wow, marvelous blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is great, as well as the content!

Tremendous things here. I’m very happy to see your article. Thank you a lot and I am having a look forward to contact you. Will you kindly drop me a mail?

When someone writes an piece of writing he/she keeps the plan of a user in his/her mind that how a user can be aware of it.

I like the helpful information you provide in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I’m quite certain I will learn many new stuff right here! Best of luck for the next!

My coder is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on a number of websites for about a year and am anxious about switching to another platform. I have heard good things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it? Any help would be really appreciated!

Does your blog have a contact page? I’m having problems locating it but, I’d like to shoot you an email. I’ve got some creative ideas for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great website and I look forward to seeing it improve over time.

Can I simply just say what a comfort to discover somebody that really knows what they’re talking about on the internet. You definitely realize how to bring a problem to light and make it important. A lot more people should read this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised you aren’t more popular since you most certainly possess the gift.

The Serial Monitor is a convenient way to view data from an Arduino, but what if you want to make your project portable and view sensor values without access to a computer? Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are excellent for displaying a string of words or sensor data.

This guide will help you in getting your 16×2 character LCD up and running, as well as other character LCDs (such as 16×4, 16×1, 20×4, etc.) that use Hitachi’s LCD controller chip, the HD44780.

Since the Arduino community has already created a library to support HD44780-based LCDs, you can easily interface them.

Do you know?

LCD, or Liquid Crystal Display, is a type of display that uses liquid crystals to show characters.

When activated by an electric current, these liquid crystals become opaque, blocking the backlight that is located behind the screen. As a result, that area will be darker than the rest. By activating the liquid crystal layer in specific pixels, characters can be generated.

Hardware Overview

As the name suggests, these LCDs are ideal for displaying only characters. A 16×2 character LCD, for example, can display 32 ASCII characters across two rows.

If you look closely, you can see tiny rectangles for each character on the screen as well as the pixels that make up a character. Each of these rectangles is a grid of 5×8 pixels.

Character LCDs are available in a variety of sizes and colors, including 16×1, 16×4, 20×4, white text on a blue background, black text on a green background, and many more.

One advantage of using any of these displays in your project is that they are “swappable,” meaning that you can easily replace them with another LCD of a different size or color. Your code will need to be tweaked slightly, but the wiring will remain the same!

Custom Character Generation for 16×2 Character LCD

If you find the default font uninteresting, you can create your own custom characters (glyphs) and symbols. They come in handy when you need to display a character that isn’t in the standard ASCII character set.

As previously discussed in this tutorial, a character is made up of a 5×8 pixel matrix; therefore, you must define your custom character within this matrix. You can define a character by using the

createChar()

function.

To use

createChar()

, you must first create an 8-byte array. Each byte in the array corresponds to a row in a 5×8 matrix. In a byte, the digits 0 and 1 indicate which pixels in a row should be ON and which should be OFF.

All of these user-defined characters are stored in the LCD’s CGRAM.

CGROM and CGRAM

All Hitachi HD44780 driver-based LCDs have two types of memory: CGROM and CGRAM (Character Generator ROM and RAM).

CGROM is non-volatile memory that retains data even when the power is removed, whereas CGRAM is volatile memory that loses data when the power is removed.

The CGROM stores the font that appears on a character LCD. When you instruct a character LCD to display the letter ‘A’, it needs to know which dots to turn on so that we see an ‘A’. This data is stored in the CGROM.

CGRAM is an additional memory for storing user-defined characters. This RAM is limited to 64 bytes. Therefore, for a 5×8 pixel LCD, only 8 user-defined characters can be stored in CGRAM, whereas for a 5×10 pixel LCD, only 4 can be stored.

Custom Character Generator

Creating custom characters has never been easier! We’ve developed a small application called Custom Character Generator. Can you see the blue grid below? You can click on any pixel to set or clear that pixel. And as you click, the code for the character is generated next to the grid. This code can be used directly in your Arduino sketch.

There’s no limit to what you can create. The only limitation is that the LiquidCrystal library only supports eight custom characters. But don’t be sad, look at the bright side; at least we have eight characters.

Arduino Example Code

The sketch below demonstrates how to display custom characters on the LCD.


// include the library code: #include // initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // make some custom characters: byte Heart[8] = { 0b00000, 0b01010, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b00100, 0b00000, 0b00000 }; byte Bell[8] = { 0b00100, 0b01110, 0b01110, 0b01110, 0b11111, 0b00000, 0b00100, 0b00000 }; byte Alien[8] = { 0b11111, 0b10101, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b01010, 0b11011, 0b00000 }; byte Check[8] = { 0b00000, 0b00001, 0b00011, 0b10110, 0b11100, 0b01000, 0b00000, 0b00000 }; byte Speaker[8] = { 0b00001, 0b00011, 0b01111, 0b01111, 0b01111, 0b00011, 0b00001, 0b00000 }; byte Sound[8] = { 0b00001, 0b00011, 0b00101, 0b01001, 0b01001, 0b01011, 0b11011, 0b11000 }; byte Skull[8] = { 0b00000, 0b01110, 0b10101, 0b11011, 0b01110, 0b01110, 0b00000, 0b00000 }; byte Lock[8] = { 0b01110, 0b10001, 0b10001, 0b11111, 0b11011, 0b11011, 0b11111, 0b00000 }; void setup() { // initialize LCD and set up the number of columns and rows: lcd.begin(16, 2); // create a new character lcd.createChar(0, Heart); // create a new character lcd.createChar(1, Bell); // create a new character lcd.createChar(2, Alien); // create a new character lcd.createChar(3, Check); // create a new character lcd.createChar(4, Speaker); // create a new character lcd.createChar(5, Sound); // create a new character lcd.createChar(6, Skull); // create a new character lcd.createChar(7, Lock); // Clears the LCD screen lcd.clear(); // Print a message to the lcd. lcd.print("Custom Character"); } // Print All the custom characters void loop() { lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.write(byte(0)); lcd.setCursor(2, 1); lcd.write(byte(1)); lcd.setCursor(4, 1); lcd.write(byte(2)); lcd.setCursor(6, 1); lcd.write(byte(3)); lcd.setCursor(8, 1); lcd.write(byte(4)); lcd.setCursor(10, 1); lcd.write(byte(5)); lcd.setCursor(12, 1); lcd.write(byte(6)); lcd.setCursor(14, 1); lcd.write(byte(7)); }

The output appears as shown.

Code Explanation:

After including the library and creating the LCD object, custom character arrays are defined. The array consists of 8 bytes, with each byte representing a row in a 5×8 matrix.

This sketch contains eight custom-characters. Take, for example, the

Heart[8]

array. You can see that the bits (0s and 1s) are forming the shape of a heart. 0 turns the pixel off, and 1 turns it on.


byte Heart[8] = { 0b00000, 0b01010, 0b11111, 0b11111, 0b01110, 0b00100, 0b00000, 0b00000 };


In the setup, we use the

createChar()

function to create a custom character. This function accepts two parameters: a number between 0 and 7 to reserve one of the eight supported custom characters, and the name of the array.


// create a new character lcd.createChar(0, Heart);


In the loop, to display the custom character, we simply call the

write()

function and pass it the number of the character we reserved earlier.


// byte(0) represents Heart character. lcd.write(byte(0));